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Definition
| causes renal cells to reabsorb water, move it back into blood |
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Term
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Definition
| vasoconstriction, stimulation of aldosterone release |
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Term
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Definition
| circulates to kidneys, causes reabsorption of sodium and water, returns them to blood |
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Term
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Definition
Extracellular fluid deficit.
Causes hypovolemic shock.
Caused by fever, burns, diuretics. |
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Term
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Definition
Too much water loss.
Decreased BP (because of less volume), increased respirations, increased HR (making up for low BP) |
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Term
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Definition
Extracellular fluid excess.
Caused by renal failure, heart failure, excess fluid intake.
Symptoms include sudden weight gain, edema, crackles in lung sounds (excess fluid build-up) |
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Term
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Definition
Low potassium concentration IN BLOOD.
caused by decreased potassium intake/absorption, shift of potassium from ECF to cells, and increased potassium output.
Caused by diarrhea, vomiting, potassium-wasting diuretics.
Symptoms include BILATERAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS beginning in quads and moving to RESPIRATORY MUSCLES |
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Term
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Definition
High potassium concentration IN BLOOD.
caused by increased potassium intake/absorption, shift to potassium from cells into ECF, decreased potassium output.
Caused by oliguria; important to monitor output before administering IV fluids with potassium.
Symptoms include bilateral muscle weakness, CARDIAC ARREST. |
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Term
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Definition
Low calcium IN BLOOD.
Caused by Vit D deficiencies, PANCREATITIS, chronic diarrhea.
Symptoms include positive "Chapstick's" (face) and "Truffle's" (hands) signs, neuromuscular excitability. |
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Term
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Definition
High calcium IN BLOOD.
Caused by prolonged immobility: shift of calcium from bone into ECF, use of thiazide diuretics, and cancer.
Decreases neuromuscular excitability, lethargy, diminished reflexes, decreased consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
Low magnesium IN BLOOD.
Caused by decreased magnesium intake/absorption, shift of mag. to its inactive form, increased mag. output, alcoholism, and diarrhea.
Increased neuromuscular excitability, positive "Chapstick's" (face) and "Truffle's" (hands) signs, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, grimacing. |
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Term
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Definition
High magnesium IN BLOOD.
Caused by end-stage renal disease, magnesium laxatives.
Symptoms include decreased neuromuscular excitability, lethargy, decreased deep tendon reflexes, decreased respirations. |
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Term
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Definition
Alveolar hypoventilation.
Lungs unable to excrete enough Co2.
PaCO2 increases, excess carbonic acid in blood, decreased pH.
Compensation: kidneys increase excretion of metabolic acids in urine.
Decreased level of consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
Alveolar hyperventilation.
Lungs excrete too much carbonic acid.
PaCO2 decreases, deficit of carbonic acid in blood, pH increases.
Excitement, confusion |
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Term
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Definition
Increased metabolic acid OR decreased bicarbonate base.
kidneys can't excrete (into urine) enough metabolic acid, it accumulates in blood OR bicarbonate base is directly removed (diarrhea).
Bicarbonate base is decreased, pH increases.
Compensation: hyperventilation, removes carbonic acid.
Decreased conciousness |
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Term
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Definition
Increase bicarbonate base OR decreased metabolic acid.
Compensation: hypoventilation, limits carbonic acid release and allows build-up.
caused by vomiting and gastric suction.
Less severe or absent neurological symptoms |
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