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FLUID & ELECTROLYTES
FLUID & ELECTROLYTES
50
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
04/03/2012
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Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
-Fever
-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-Low blood pressure
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Hyponatremia
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Hyperkalemia
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
High BUN
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Normal Creatinine
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Normochloremia
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Metabolic Acidosis
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Normocalcemia
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Normomagnesemia
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie has:
 Definition
Normoglycemia
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie most likely has:
 Definition
Fluid Loss
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The lab values and signs/symptoms that point you toward your answer in the previous question regarding Ellie's fluid status are:
 Definition
-Pulse
-Sodium
-BUN
-Diarrhea
-Mucous Membranes
-Urine Output
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie's fluid status is considered:
 Definition
Hyponatremic fluid loss
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are dry. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
Ellie's weakness, lightheaded, and lethargy are most likely related to:
 Definition
-Sodium
-Potassium
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
If Ellie's condition is not severe, she will most likely receive:
 Definition
Oral rehydration therapy
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
If Ellie's condition is more severe, she will most likely receive:
 Definition
0.9% NaCl IV
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Her blood gas analysis indicates:
 Definition
Respiratory alkalosis
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Her blood gas analysis indicates:
 Definition
Metabolic acidosis
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Her blood gas analysis indicates:
 Definition
Primary metabolic acidosis
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Her blood gas analysis indicates that her primary pH imbalance is:
 Definition
Totally Compensated
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Her blood gas analysis electrolytes, and history indicate that her primary pH imbalance is most likely related to:
 Definition
Excess bicarbonate loss
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Ellie's potassium level is
 Definition
Could cause problems with her heart
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Ellie's potassium level could be treated by:
 Definition
-HC03- IV
-Insulin plus dextrose
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Giving KCl is:
 Definition
Completely inappropriate
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
Giving HCO3- IV is:
 Definition
Will help both postassium and pH imbalances
Term
Ellie is a 21 year old white female who has been having diarrhea for two days. Her mucous membranes are moist. She reports that her urine output is lower than usual. She feels weak, lightheaded, and tired as though she can't keep her eyes open.
Her vital signs are: T: 101.3, P: 104, R: 28, BP: 96/60.
Electrolytes
Na: 129 mEq/L
Cl: 102 mEq/L
K: 5.3 mEq/L
BUN: 32 mg/dl
Creat.: 1.1 mg/dl
CO2: 16 mmol/L
Ca: 10.1 mg/dl
Mag: 2.0 MEq/L
Gluc: 78 mg/dl
The physician orders an arterial blood gas:
PaCO2: 26
pH: 7.36
HCO3-: 16
In addition to dealing with the fluid, electrolyte, and pH imbalances, Ellie will also require:
 Definition
-work up for diarrhea
-work up for fever
Term
physician orders a bolus of 250ml of 3% NaCl and then 0.9% NaCl 80 ml an hour. After five hours, the patient has received ____ grams of NaCl. (just the number please) (This will never happen in real life. It’s just an exercise to help you calculate percent solution. 3% means 3grams/100ml.)
 Definition
11.1
Term
The difference between a crysalloid and a colloid solution in appearance is that crystalloids are:
 Definition
Clear
Term
Injection of sterile water in a vein will result in:
 Definition
Hemolysis
Term
The difference between a crystalloid and a colloid solution in function is that a colloid:
 Definition
Increases oncotic pressure
Term
D5 in 0.45% NaCl is
 Definition
Hypertonic
Term
Injecting a solution more concentrated than D10W
 Definition
Should only be done in central vein
Term
Under normal circumstances, the lactate in Lactated Ringers
 Definition
Metabolized into bicarbonate
Term
Overdosing on magnesium orally is
 Definition
Relatively difficult because of the side effects
Term
When administering Magnesium sulfate IV, the nurse should assess for
 Definition
Deep tendon reflexes
Term
Connor has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 65
pH 7.32
HCO3- 32.
Connor has
 Definition
Partially compensated primary respiratory acidosis
Term
Connor has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 65
pH 7.32
HCO3- 32.
Which of the following are possible causes of Connor's ABGs?
 Definition
-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
-Pneumonia
Term
Connor has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 65
pH 7.32
HCO3- 32.
Which of the following medications could potentially worsen Connor's pH balance?
 Definition
Oxycodone
Term
Connor has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 65
pH 7.32
HCO3- 32.
You expect Connor's potassium to:
 Definition
Be high
Term
Connor has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 65
pH 7.32
HCO3- 32.
Connor's potassium level is most likely abnormal because:
 Definition
His kidneys are holding on to potassium ions in exchange for hydrogen ions
Term
Dana has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 49
pH 7.47
HCO3- 32.
 Definition
Partially compensated primary metabolic alkalosis
Term
Dana has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 49
pH 7.47
HCO3- 32.
Which of the following is a possible cause of Dana's acid-base imbalance?
 Definition
Vomiting
Term
Dana has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 49
pH 7.47
HCO3- 32.
You expect Dana's potassium to be:
 Definition
Low
Term
Dana has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 49
pH 7.47
HCO3- 32.
Which of the following symptoms might be expected given Dana's ABGs?
 Definition
-Irritability
-ECG changes
-Tetany
Term
Dana has the following arterial blood gases:
PaCO2 49
pH 7.47
HCO3- 32.
Dana begins to show signs tetany and Chvostek's sign. Her calcium level is 9.1. The most likely explanation for these hypocalcemic signs is:
 Definition
The patient is alkalotic
Term
The body usually maintains fluid balance by regulating:
 Definition
Sodium
Term
Which of the following hormones tells the kidneys to retain sodium?
 Definition
Aldosterone
Term
The body responds to calcitonin by
 Definition
-Decreasing GI calcium absorption
-Promoting bone growth
-Promoting calcium diuresis
Term
The most common cause of hypercalcemia is
 Definition
Parathyroid tumor
Term
Even though the normal range of Magnesium is 1.5 - 2.5, _________ patients are usually kept at 2.0 - 2.5.
 Definition
Cardiac
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