Term
Normal Value
Sodium (Na+) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal Value
Potassium (K+) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal Value
Calcium (Ca2+) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal Value
Magnesium (Mg2+) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hypernatremia (4)
|
|
Definition
- Impaired cerebral fx
- Decrased LOC
- Thirst (except in very old pts)
- Seizures
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hyponatremia (4) |
|
Definition
- Impaired cerebral fx
- Decreased LOC
- Nausea
- Seizures
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Increased ECV (7) |
|
Definition
- Sudden weight gain
- Dependent edema
- Vascular overload
- Bounding pulse
- Distended jugular veins when upright
- Dyspnea
- Pulmonary edema
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Decreased ECV (11) |
|
Definition
- Sudden weight loss
- Tenting (skin turgor)
- Dry mucous membranes
- Vascular underload
- Rapid, thready pulse
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Lightheadedness
- Jugular vein flattness when supine
- Oliguria
- Syncope
- Shock
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hyperkalemia (3) |
|
Definition
- Bilateral ascending flaccid muscle weakness
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
- Cardiac arrest
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hypokalemia (6) |
|
Definition
- Bilateral ascending flaccid muscle weakness
- Abdominal distention
- Constipation
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Polyuria
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hypercalcemia (8) |
|
Definition
- Decreased neuromuscular excitability
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Muscle weakness
- Decreased reflexes
- Decreased LOC
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hypocalcemia (9) |
|
Definition
- Increased neuromuscular excitability
- + Chvostek & Trousseau signs (face & arm spasm)
- Muscle cramping
- Twitching
- Carpal & pedal spasm
- Tetany (muscle spasms)
- Seizure
- Laryngospasm
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
|
|
|
Term
Clinical Manifestations
Hypermagnesemia (10) |
|
Definition
- Decreased neuromuscular excitability
- Flushing
- Diaphoresis
- Decreased reflexes
- Hypotension
- Decreased LOC
- Muscle weakness
- Respiratory depression
- Bradycardia
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
|
|
|
Term
| What imbalances have Seizure as a sign? |
|
Definition
| Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia, Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia |
|
|
Term
| What imbalances have Nausea as a sign? |
|
Definition
| Hyponatremia, Hypercalemia |
|
|
Term
| What imbalances have Orthostatic Hypotension as a sign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What imbalances have Cardiac Dysrhythmia as a sign? |
|
Definition
| Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia, Hypercalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypermagnesemia, Hypomagnesemia |
|
|
Term
| What imbalances have Constipation as a sign? |
|
Definition
| Hypokalemia, Hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| What imbalances have Decreased Reflexes as a sign? |
|
Definition
| Hypercalcemia, Hypermagnesemia |
|
|
