High concentration of particles

Low amount of water

(Water Deficit)

Low concentration of particles

High amount of water

(Water Excess)

• Potassium (K+)
• Magnesium (Mg2+)
• Sodium (Na+)
• Calcium (Ca2+)

Anions

• Bicarbonate (HCO₃-)
• Chloride (Cl-)
• Phosphate (PO₄³-)

(Blood Urea Nitrogen)

• Measurement of Urea Nitrogen in the blood
• Formed when proteins break down

• Measurement of Creatinine
• Breakdown product of Creatine (a part of muscle)

Moves fluid from the vasular system into the cells

Hypo = swollen

Moves fluid from the cells into the vasular system

Hyper = Shrink

• Fluid outside of the cells
• Contains 1/3 of body fluid

• Fluid in specialized cavities of the body
  • ie:  cerebral spinal fluid
  • Fluid in GI tract
  • Pleural
  • Synovial
  • Peritoneal fluid

Occurs when fluid accumulates in a portion of the body from which it is not eaily exchanged with the rest of the ECF.  3rd space fluid is trapped and essentially unavailable for functional use.

ie:  ascities, edema with burns

Most Common cation and anion

Intracellularly

K⁺ - Postassium

PO_4³-    Phosphate

Most Common canion and anion

Extracellularly

• Na⁺     Sodium
• Cl^-        Chloride

Low pH

Low PCO₂

High pH

High PCO₂

Low pH

High PCO₂

High pH

Low PCO₂

• <= 10kg = 100ml/kg
• 10-20kg = 1000ml + 50ml/each additional kg
• > 20kg = 1500ml + 20ml/each additional kg

Men 42 - 54

Women 38 - 46