Term
|
Definition
Used to count, examine, and sort microscopic particles or molecules on or inside the cell
Done by Hydromatic Focusing
Can detect Fluorochromes
Measures volume, morphology, cell pigmentation, DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins, antigens, enzymatic reactions, etc.
Results are in the form of histograms or scattergrams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Done by focusing a stream of cells to allow a single cell to be passed through a detector, one cell a time
Measures Forward Scatter and Side Scatter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bound to fluorescent markers that attach to different particles
Differentiate between different types of particles
Allow you to analyze multiple parameters in large numbers of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Identifies antigens using detection antibodies or fluorochromes
Detects CD markers
Specimens require gating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proteins that are marked and analyzed
Can change as the cell matures
Abnormal cells have different ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eg: Lyse RBC's and use a density gradient to remove platelets in order to look for WBC's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Involves a fluorescent dye binding to the residual RNA in retics
Used to see if the bone marrow is recovering after transplants, to see if EPO treatment is working, or to see if folate/B12 treatment is working |
|
|
Term
| Immature Reticulocyte Fraction (IRF) |
|
Definition
Measure of the amount of RNA
First indication of disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measures Proliferation and Ploidy
Can predict diseases that are due to DNA abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Determines the portion of dividing cells
If slow, there is a poorer prognosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Looks for changes in structure and morphology
Specimens must be undergoing mitosis or in the division state
Involves harvesting and banding
Detects 3 types of aberrations (Numberical, Structural, and Polymorphic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anaploidy
Hyperdiploidy
Hypodiploidy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Above or below 46 chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Breaks, Deletions, Translocations
Most common in lymphomas and leukemias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Molecular Analysis Methods |
|
Definition
Southern Blot
PCR
In-situ Hybridization
Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization
DNA Sequencing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
6 steps
-DNA is isolated by a chemical or detergent
-DNA is cut using restrictive enzymes
-DNA is separated using gel electrophoresis
-DNA is denatured into a single strand
-DNA is placed onto a media
-DNA is probed for specific sequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA is amplified by DNA polymerase in in-vitro enzymatic replication |
|
|
Term
| Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization |
|
Definition
| Uses flourescent DNA to assess chromosomal integrity, for prognostic stratification, to see if there is a response to different treatments, and to see how much residual disease there is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Determines the order of a nucleotide sequence |
|
|
