Term
| What was the nickname of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the Ghazi warriors? |
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Definition
| Ottoman warriors for the Islamic Faith |
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Term
| What were the Janissarie warriors? |
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Definition
| Christians that were forced to convert to Islam and become elite soldiers-were usually captured as young children |
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Term
| What were the factors that helped in the decline of the Ottoman Empire? |
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Definition
Series of incompetent sultans
Ottoman failure to match expanding European maritime trade
Dislocations with the transition from Turkish cavalry to Janissaries |
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Term
| Who were the key rulers of the Safavid Empire? |
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Definition
| Shah Ismail and Shah Abbas "the Great" |
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Term
| What were the commmon characteristics of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires? |
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Definition
| 1. traditional military reliance on cavalry; 2. Inward orientation; 3. Multi linguistic; 4. used gunpowder to conquer other empires |
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Term
| What were the differences between Hongwu and Yonglo rulers? |
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Definition
| Hongwu leaders drove out the mongols, encouraged agriculture, had Confucian standards, passed reforms, and were untrusting, suspicious and brutal. While Yonglo rulers moved the capital to Beijing, sponsored voyages of Zheng He, and built the Great Wall |
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Term
| Why did the Chinese begin a period of isolation in the 1500s? |
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Definition
| Dislike of European influence and there was a threat of Mongol invasion |
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Term
| Describe the differences between Kangxi and Qianlong rulers? |
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Definition
| Kangxi reduced government expenses and taxes, and was a patron of the arts. Qianlong expanded China to its largest size and increased its wealth |
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Term
| Identify life in the Ming and Qing China. |
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Definition
| Majority were farmers; sons were valued over daughters; women had few rights; Chinese preserved their traditions through paintings and books; isolation kept them from keeping up with European advances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What were the origins of the Samurai? |
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Definition
| Failure of the central government in Kyoto to maintain adequate administration; Samurai became activ ein managing provincial governments; provided stability for the people |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does Bushido emphasize? |
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Definition
| Loyalty to one's superior, personal honor, and virtues of austerity, self-sacrifice, and inderfference to pain. |
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Term
| Who established the first true warrior government in Japanese history? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Mongol invasion of Japan. |
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Definition
| in 1274 and 1281, Kublai Khan sent a vast fleet to invade Japan, but the fleet was destroyed by a hurricane the Japanese called Kamikaze, which means wind from the gods. |
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Term
| Describe the Tokugawa Shogunate. |
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Definition
| wanted to rid Japan of all outside influence, Christianity was forbidden, government is centralized with all power in the hands of the Shogunate, domestic trade flourishes, towns increase, rich merchant class, and new art forms (Haiku and Theatre) |
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Term
| What are the 5 reasons of the rise of absolute monarchies? |
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Definition
| 1. Feudalism collapsed, 2. National monarchies replaced, 3. Intense competition for land and trade lead to many wars, 4. Religious differences sparked civil wars, 5. Absolute monarchies emerged to protect the nation and preserve order |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that monarchs held supreme power and are responsible only to God. |
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Term
| What is the Divine Right theory? |
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Definition
| Idea that a king gets his authority to rule directly from God. |
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Term
| Who was the most powerful nation in Europe during the 1500s? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Peace of Augsburg? |
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Definition
| Allowed each German prince the right to decide whether to be catholic or protestant. |
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Term
| Who weakened Spain by incessant wars and poor economic choices? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who ruled during the Golden Age of Spain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the geocentric theory? |
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Definition
| Earth is the center and everything revolves around it. |
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Term
| What is the heliocentric theory? |
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Definition
| Sun is the center and everything revolves around it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Said "I think, therefore I am"; laid groundwork for humanism. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Caesar"; title taken by ruler of Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
| English Protestants in late 1500s to 1600s who wanted .to "purify" the Church of England |
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Term
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Definition
| English nobles and landowners who made up Charles I's army during the English Civil War. |
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Term
| What was the Spanish Armada? |
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Definition
| One of the greatest naval fleets; established in Spain |
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Term
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Definition
| Were soldiers of the parliament that were led by Oliver Cromwell |
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Term
| Who was Thomas Jefferson? |
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Definition
| Wrote the Declaration of Independence |
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Term
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Definition
| Lord Protector of Enlgand; led Parliament's forces in Enlsih Civil War. |
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Term
| Who issued the Edict of Nantes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Edict of Nantes? |
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Definition
| Permitted Protestant worship and was issued to restore the peace to France. |
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Term
| How did Cardinal Richelieu reduce the power of the nobility and Protestants in France? |
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Definition
| Destroyed walled cities and castles. |
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Term
| Who boasted "I am the State"? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Louis XIV lay the groundwork for the French Revolution? |
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Definition
| Caused a staggering debt from the construction of Versailles and his abuse of power. |
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Term
| How did King James cooperate with the Puritans? |
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Definition
| He translated the Bible into a new version called the KJV. |
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Term
| What type of view did the Puritans want the Anglican Church to reflect? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Charles I lead England to a Civil war? |
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Definition
| Persued aggressive foreign policy with Spain; sought new fund from Parliament, and dissolved Parliament then tried to raise money. |
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Term
| What was the role of Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War? |
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Definition
| He led the roundheads and was leader for Parliament's army. |
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Term
| What was the Glorious Revolution? |
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Definition
| Parliament asked Mary, Charles I's daughter, to jointly rule with her husband William of Orange. Both agreed to follow the Laws of Parliament and accept the English Bill of Rights. England then became the only limited monarchy in Europe |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Peace of Westphalia? |
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Definition
| It created modern Europe; ended 30 years war, reduced power of the Holy Roman Empire, and extended religious toleration to Protestants and Catholics. |
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Term
| What is the most powerful German state? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the contributions of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great to the rise of Russia? |
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Definition
| PETER: attempted to weternize Russia, built capital @ ST. Petersburg, and gained control of Baltic Region. CATHERINE:extended Peter's westernization, reorganized local governments. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Copernicus? |
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Definition
| developed the sun centered universe theory |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Tycho Brahe? |
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Definition
| most sophisticated observatory of his day; discovered a comet |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Kepler? |
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Definition
| eliptical of moving planets |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Galileo? |
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Definition
| Experimental method, law of inertia, 1st to develop telescopes. |
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Term
| What was the Contribution of Newton? |
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Definition
| developed Calculus, universe governed by natural laws; wrote Principia; mathematical Priciples of Natural Philosophy. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Bacon? |
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Definition
| "Father of the Scientific Revolution"; developed scientific method. |
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Term
| What were the consequences of the Scietific Revolution? |
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Definition
| Laws of nature were discovered by human reason, the view of the universe was despiritualized, mechanical view of the universe that led to the 2 views 1.Deistic View of God-that God isn't involved in daily life and God is seen as a cosmic capitalist, and 2. Pantheistic view of God-God and nature are the same and God's work is more revealed in science than in Scriptures |
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Term
| What were the key thoughts of the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
| Distrust of tradition and revealed religion, Ideas progress, society can get better as risks are taken, man is naturally good; reason could achieve knowledge, freedom, and happiness; relativity of truth and morality; scientific revolution promised the comprehensibility of the workings of the universe |
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Term
| What were the contributions of Hobbes? |
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Definition
| Used natural law to argue for absolute monarchy; developed social contract where people give up freedom for protection. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Locke? |
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Definition
| basic natural individual rights of life, liberty, and property. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Montesquieu? |
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Definition
| government should have checked power. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Voltaire? |
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Definition
| fought for religious beliefs, tolerance, and reason. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Hume? |
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Definition
| underminded Enlightenment confidence in reason; human mind is nothuing but a bundle of impressions; reason can't explain origins of universe or existence of God. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Kant? |
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Definition
| Wrote "Dare to Know"; Enlightenment was a personal process - a realease from immorality. |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Rousseau? |
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Definition
| favored human freedom and individualism is freedom |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Denis Diderot? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the Philosophes? |
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Definition
| French intellectuals who believed in Locke's political philosophy, freedom of speech, and individul rights; celebrated the scientific revolution;embraced Newton; science applied to society. |
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Term
| How did Enlightenment ideas spread? |
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Definition
| Salons, and the Encyclopedia |
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Term
| What was the enlighenment despot? |
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Definition
| Where rulers governed by enlgihtenment principles, but still maintained their royal powers |
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Term
| Who governed as an enlightenment despot? |
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Definition
| Fredrick the Great of Prussia,Catherine the Great of Russia, and Jospeh the II of Austria. |
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Term
| HOw was the Constituion influenced by Enlightenment thinkers? |
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Definition
| Separation of powers, power in the hands of the people, protection of the right of speech. |
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Term
| How was the Declaration of Independence influenced by enlightenment thinkers? |
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Definition
| individuals have basic rights that can't be taken away by any governmetn and people can rebel. |
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Term
| Who influenced the Declaration of Independence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who influenced Constitutionalism? |
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Definition
| Montesquieu, Locke, and Voltaire |
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