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| Organs that anchor a vascular plant, absorbs minerals and water, and often stores organic nutrients |
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| The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and flowers. |
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| A clade consisting of flowering plats that have one embronic seed leaf, or cotyledon. |
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| Term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade. |
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| A relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type. |
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| A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restraining growth. |
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| A rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking protoplasts and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened at maturity. |
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| Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from roots to the rest of the plant. |
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| Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant. |
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| The outer protective covering of plants. |
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| Plant tissues that are neither vascular or dermal, fulfilling a variety of functions, such as storage, photosynthesis, and support. |
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| Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. |
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| Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length. |
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| Meristems that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are examples. |
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| Growth produced by apical merstems, lengthening stems and roots. |
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| Growth produced by lateral meristems, thickening the roots and shoots of woody plants. |
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| The zone of primary growth in roots consisting of the root apical meristem. New root cells are produced in this region |
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| The zone of primary growth in roots where new cells elongate, sometimes up to ten times their original length. |
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| The zone of primary growth in roots where cells complete their differentiation and become functionally mature. |
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| The wazxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. |
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| The dermal tissue system of non-woody plants, usually consisting of a singly layer of tightly packed cells. |
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| One or more layers of elongated photosynthetic cells on the upper part of a leaf; also called palisade parenchyma. |
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| Loosely arranged photosynthetic cells located below the palisade mesophyll cells in a leaf. |
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| A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of plants. |
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| The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore. |
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| A single carpal or a group of fused carpals. |
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| The sticky part of a flower's carpal, which traps pollen grains. |
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| The stalk of a flower's carpal, ovary at the base and the stigma at the top. |
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| The portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. |
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Definition
| The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and filament. |
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| The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains with male gametes form. |
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| Modified leaves of a flowering plant. Petals are often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinaters. |
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| Modified leaves in angiosperms that help enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens. |
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Term
| Alteration of Generations |
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Definition
| A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae. |
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Definition
| A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. |
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| A cell containing only one set of chromosomes. |
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| A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm. |
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| The multicellular diploid form that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation. |
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| The multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation. |
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| The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg. |
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| A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two. |
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| Term that primarily refers to indoleacetic acid, a natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects, including cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth. |
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Definition
| An effect that plants have that causes the falling off of fruit and leaves. |
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Definition
| Known as indoleacetic acid, and affects the root and shoot tips of the plant. |
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Definition
| Class of related plant hormones that stimulate growth in the stem and leaves, trigger the germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development with auxin. |
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Definition
| Class of related plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominance. |
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Definition
| The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening. |
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Definition
| A plant hormone that slows down growth often antagonizing actions of growth hormones. Two of its many effects are to promote seed dormancy and facilitate drought tolerance. |
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Definition
| A growth response that results in the curvature of whole plant organs toward or away from stiluli owing to differential rates of cell elongation. |
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Definition
| Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light. |
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Definition
| Tropism that involves gravity. |
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| Tropism that involves growing in response to touch. |
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Definition
| Tropism that involves growing toward water. |
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Definition
| Movements that are in response to a stimulus but independent of the direction of the stimulus. They are reversible and don't involve growth. They also involve change in turgot pressure of specific cells. |
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Definition
| The opening and closing of flowers in response to temperature changes. |
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Definition
| Machanical movements of a flower in reponse to specific changes. |
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| Response of a plant to changes in the length of day or night. Flowering and leaf abscission are controlled by photoperiodism. |
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