Term
| Oseltamivir and Zanamivir MOA, use |
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Definition
-amavir = "Antiviral Mechanism: Inhibit VIron Release"
sialic acid analogues, bind to Neuraminidase of a budding viron, preventing it from cleaving the cell receptor bound to hemagglutinin. virus can't release and proliferate
use: Inluenza A and B |
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Term
| Oseltamivir and Zanamivir mode of administration? contraindications? |
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Definition
Oseltamivir - oral, prodrug ester; none
Zanamivir - inhaled; can't use in COPD or Asthma |
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Term
| Rimantadine and Amantidine MOA, use |
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Definition
-mantidine: "Man to Dine" takes of his coat
block the M2 proton pump of endosomes
H+ can't enter endosome and disintegrate the viral capsid and allow contents to be released into the cell
Use: Influenza A only |
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Term
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Definition
two or more virus strains combine to form a new virus with a novel mix of surface antigens
can lead to pandemics (e.g. H1NI |
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Term
| which antivirals work for H1N1? |
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Definition
| 98.9% susceptible to Oseltamivir and Zanamivir but not Amantidine and Rimantadine |
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Term
| Ribavirin; virus, disease, MOA, ADRs |
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Definition
Respiratory syncytial virus - LRTI in children and immune compromised
Lassa virus - Lassa fever
Hepatits C Virus
MOA: inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase
ADRs: dose dependent anemia and elevated bilirubin, contraindicated in pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
RNA virus, hemorrhagic fever
Can bleed to death from bloody diarrhea and bloody mucous membranes
Must treat within first 24 hours of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella Zoster
Cytomegalovirus |
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Term
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Definition
nucleoside/tide analogues
Nucleosides first phosphorylated by virus kinases then converted to triphosphates by host kinases
1. incorporated into viral DNA -> chain termination
2. Competatively inhibit viral DNA polymerase -> inhibition of viral DNA synthesis |
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Term
| Herpes simplex virus; diseases, DOC, alternative drugs |
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Definition
HSV-1: orofacial herpes
HSV-2: genital herpes
DOC: Acyclovir
Alternatives: Foscarnet or Famciclovir |
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Term
| Varicella Zoster Virus, diseases, DOC, alternative drugs |
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Definition
Chicken pox and Varicella Zoster (shingles)
DOC: Acyclovir
Alternatives: Foscarnet or Famciclovir |
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Term
| Cytomegalovirus; diseases, DOC, alternative drugs` |
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Definition
Pneumonia (common in transplant recipients
retinitis and colitis (common in patients w/ HIV)
DOC: Ganiciclovir
Alternatives: Foscarnet and Cidofovir |
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Term
| Acyclovir; MOA, virus, disease, ADRs |
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Definition
MOA: inhibit viral DNA polymerase
Virus: HSV and VZV
Disease: labial and genital herpes; chicken pox and shingles
ADRs: generally well tolerated, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity and very high doses |
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Term
| Ganciclovir, MOA, virus, disease, ADRs |
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Definition
MOA: inhibit viral DNA polymerase
virus: CMV
disease: CMV retinitis
ADRs: bone marrow suppression and mucositis |
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Term
| Foscarnet, MOA, virus, disease, ADRs |
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Definition
MOA: Inhibit viral DNA polymerase
virus: HSV, VZV, CMV
disease: CMV retinitis, acyclovir resistant HSV and VZV
ADRs: dose limiting nephrotoxicity, hypocalcaemia (which can hurt kidneys); NO bone marrow suppression |
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Term
| DOC for Hepatitis C Virus? Hep B? |
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Definition
Hep C: PEGylated interferon a + ribavirin
Hep B: PEGylated interferon OR lamividine |
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