primary source of energy for physical activity and are the only source of energy for the brain and nervous system

a food that offers no nutritional value other than energy itself

composed of individual amino acids, which join together to form peptide chains

nutrient you must consume because your body does not make them endogenously; they must come from the diet

recommended dietary allowance

the main storage form of fat

artificial fats created when polyunsaturated vegetables oils are combined with hydrogen molecules to increase shelf life and stabilize the polyunsaturated oil

1 g of protein per pound of body mass

2.2 g of protein per kilogram of body mass

30% total:

10% saturated sources

10% monounsaturated sources

10% polyunsaturated sources

amount of energy expended while at rest; represents the minimal amount of energy required to sustain vital bodily functions such as blood circulation, respiration, and temperature regulation

amount of energy (calories) spent, on average, in a typical day

during a negative energy balance, amino acids are used to assist in energy production