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| was chosen to be Jefferson’s V.P. and went around New York campaigning with Jefferson in the election of 1800. It turned out that he and Jefferson tied the electoral vote so the House of Representatives was chosen to break the tie. Lost the vote and became vice president but then tried to run for NY governor at the same time. Was never welcomed by Jefferson and fought in a duel with Hamilton. |
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| 3rd president of the U.S. Principal author of the Declaration of Independence and an influential founding father. Founded the Democratic-Republican Party and promoted the idea of a small federal government. First real politician. Backstabbed Adams to become president. Took part in the election of 1800. |
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| first Secretary of the Treasury under Washington. Founded the Federalist Party. wanted a strong central government. Fought in duel against Burr. Assumption bill was his plan. Federalist party. |
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| Mother of suffrage. Called for a women’s convention in Seneca Falls. Gave “A Declaration of Sentiments” Believed women and men were created equal. Better orator and writer. Scripted many of Anthony’s speeches. Wanted to rewrite the Bible. Said a lot of bold anti-Christianity things. First president of National Woman’s Suffrage Association (NWSA)and took the all or nothing approach to the 14th and 15th amendments. |
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| Massachusetts Quaker. Became a teacher and later a Quaker minister. Considered slavery an evil; refused to use cotton cloth, cane sugar and other slave-produced products. She attended the Anti-Slavery convention in England. Went on a lecture circuit in America. Helped organize the Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca. She disagreed with Stanton’s views on the Bible and divorce. Peacemaker. |
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| born into a Quaker family. Teacher. Never married. Published a weekly journal The Revolution. She was the publisher and business manager. Helped found the NWSA with Stanton and was vice-president. She helped merge the NWSA with the American Woman Suffrage Association creating the NAWSA. Arrested and guilty of voting illegally. Died before ratification of 19th amendment. |
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| Teacher. First woman in Massachusetts to earn a college degree and became a public speaker. Became a militant leader and an advocate of divorce. Wore the feminist “bloomers.” Insisted in keeping her maiden name even though she was married (called Lucy Stoners today). Founded the American Woman Suffrage Association (both men and women). Her last speech was “The Progress of Fifty Years.” |
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| close friend of Anthony and succeeded her as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Pushed Wilson to announce that women’s suffrage was urgently needed to help win the war (war measure). Known for changing the paradigm. |
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| Quaker. She earned a Ph.D. and a Law degree. Started her woman’s suffrage movements in England and learned from the English. Met Lucy Burns in England. Created the National Woman’s Party (NWP) which was a more radical and militant group. Part of the “Silent Sentinels” who picketed outside the White House. Arrested and put into a prison where she was force-fed through a hose in her nose. Called abortion the “ultimate exploitation of women.” |
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| born in a NYC Irish Catholic family. Attended Yale and graduated from Oxford in England. Helped create the National Woman’s Party (NWP) with Paul. She was more diplomatic than Paul. She also opposed World War I and Wilson’s draft. |
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| escapes from slavery and becomes one of the most effective conductors on the Underground Railroad. |
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Definition
| publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin. A influential novel that stirs anti-slavery sentiments. |
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| prominent abolitionist. Helped found the American Woman Suffrage Association. Wrote the Battle Hymn of the Republic. |
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| southern Democrat. Preceded Lincoln after his assassination. Was in office while the Radical Republicans were in Congress. Violated a law made by the Republicans, the Tenure of Office Act (restricting the president in firing cabinet members). The House voted eleven articles of impeachment against him. He was tried by the Senate and acquitted by one vote. First president to be impeached. |
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| the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. He was tried in the Senate and found not guilty of the charges brought against him. |
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| in 1831 an enslaved African American preacher, leads the most significant slave uprising in American history. He and his band of about 80 followers launched a bloody rebellion in Virginia, murdering 60 whites Ended up being hanged. New laws prohibiting education of slaves and free blacks, restricting rights of assembly and other civil rights for free blacks, and requiring white ministers to be present at black worship services. The resurge of the notion of “White Superiority.” |
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Definition
| Southern Democrat senator from Kentucky and the 14th Vice President. He ran for president in the 1860 election. Extremely pro-slavery. |
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| a controversial abolitionist who tried to start a slave rebellion and used violent guerrilla tactics in fighting against the institution of slavery. Dissatisfied with his fellow Abolitionists’ pacifist response to a raid on Lawrence, Kansas, by Missouri pro-slavery supporters, decided to lead a small group of volunteers to murder five pro-slavery southerners in what became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre in May 1856. |
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Definition
| wealthy slave owner from Tennessee. Served in the House and the Senate. Ran for President in 1860. Ran for the Constitutional Union Party on a moderate pro-slavery platform. No firm stand on slavery, must keep Union together. |
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Definition
| 5th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Ruled in Dred Scott v. Sandford that the MIssouri Compromise was unconstitutional. |
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| Stated that Dred Scott is a slave not a citizen of the U.S. therefore he has no right to bring the case to court. 2nd part: Taney going out on judicial review saying that slavery falls under the commerce clause. Slavery is controlled by congress not by a state. |
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Definition
| the two parts of the Dred Scott case decided by Taney |
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Definition
| llinois statesman who ran for president in the 1860 election with a popular sovereignty platform for slavery (the slave and free status is decided in this way). He authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and escalated the slavery debate. |
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Definition
| He became the “acting vice president” to Jefferson when Burr left. Part of the Marbury v. Madison because he didn’t give out the certificates for the midnight appointments done by Adams. |
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Definition
| 4th president and Founding Father. “Father of the Constitution” Helped Jefferson create the Democratic-Republican Party. Helped Washington write his farewell speech. Was Secretary of State. |
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| 6th president. Known for formulating the Monroe Document. |
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Definition
| 7th president. Championed the U.S. as a democracy, pushing for more political involvement from the common man. He vetoed the U.S. Bank’s charter and made other reforms to keep the federal government small. |
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Definition
| He led a group of young Democratic-Republicans known as “War Hawks” that were part of the House of Representatives in 1811. From South Carolina. They advocated war against Britain because of the British interference on our frontier and their trade with the Indians. |
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| was the Secretary of State for John Adams and when Adams lost the 1800 election he offered to be the new Chief Justice. He had these two roles until Jefferson was admitted. Was too busy to hand out all the midnight appointments. He ruled in Marbury vs. Madison that writs of mandamus were unconstitutional thereby establishing a precedent for judicial rule. Saw this as an opportunity to gain power for the Supreme Court. |
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| 16th president. He sought to end slavery and preserve the Union. He signed the Emancipation Proclamation and delivered his famous “Gettysburg Address.” |
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| 9th president. First president to die in office. During the War of 1812 he was given command of the American Army of the NORTHWEST. Governor of Indian Territory. A detachment of his army was defeated along the River Raisin known as the “River Raisin Massacre.” He was nicknamed “Tippecanoe.” Most notable contribution was the victory at the Battle of the Thames where Tecumseh was killed. Ended the Indian alliance with the British. |
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Definition
| one of America’s most famous ship captains before, during and after the War of 1812.. Was awarded the Gold medal for distinguished service. |
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Definition
| American major who fought at Ft. McHenry. After 30 hours of fighting, the huge American flag was hung at fort McHenry. |
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| an enslaved African American carpenter who had purchased his freedom, planed a slave revolt with the intent to lay siege on Charleston, South Carolina. The plot is discovered, so he and 34 coconspirators are hanged. |
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Definition
| An educated slave-blacksmith who was inspired by the successful Haitian slave revolt. He planned an insurrection to capture Richmond and massacre whites, except Methodists, Quakers, Frenchmen, and the poor. He intended to make himself king of a new black nation. In 1800 he assembled a number of slaves outside Richmond. However, an informer told authorities about the revolt. The militia captured several dozen slaves. He was eventually hung in Richmond. As a result of the planned revolt, Virginia's slave laws were tightened and abolitionist societies were forced to go underground. |
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| in the battle against the Red Sticks this Lieutenant (the future governor of Tennessee and Texas, as well as the President of the Republic of Texas) was one of the first to make it over the Red Stick log barricade alive. |
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Definition
| American commander who fought the Battle of Lake Erie. This was one of the biggest naval battles of the war. After the battle, this captain composed his famous message to Harrison, “Dear General: We have met the enemy and they are ours.” |
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Definition
| was an American statesman and judge. He was the first Governor of South Carolina following the signing of the United States Constitution. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He was the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Very against the Jay Treaty. Senate rejected presidential recess appointment (first and only time) Ended up resigning. |
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Definition
| leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society in Boston with Garrison. Also went to England's slavery convention. |
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Definition
| begins publishing the Liberator, a weekly paper that advocates the complete abolition of slavery. He becomes one of the most famous figures in the abolitionist movement. In England at the slavery convention he joined the ladies who were forced to sit behind a curtain by sitting with them to protest their second-class treatment. Leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society in Boston |
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Definition
| South Carolina representative to the Constitutional Convention. He was a strong promoter of Federalism and helped persuade ratification of the Constitution in S. Carolina. |
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Definition
| best known for his famous, “Give me liberty; or give me death” speech in the Virginia House of Burgesses. He was an Anti-Federalist who pushed for a bill of rights to be added to the Constitution. |
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Definition
| only president elected unanimously by the Electoral College-happened twice. Gave a farewell speech warning of: entangling alliances with other countries. Avoid debt. America needs to stay as a moral & religious nation. Avoid factions. Tended to vote more towards the Federalist party but would never admit that. Put down the Whiskey Rebellion with Hamilton. Debt was paid off during his presidential time and the U.S. got a permanent capital. |
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Definition
| Founding Father. Served as President of the Continental Congress. Co-wrote The Federalist with Hamilton & Madison. Served as the 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. |
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Definition
| elected president of The Confederate States of America. He was born in Kentucky and grew up on plantations in Mississippi and Louisiana. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He served as the United States Secretary of War under Democratic President Franklin Pierce, |
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Definition
| deals with how power is distributed between Federal Gov. and State Gov. MD tried to impose tax on Bank of U.S. This was struck down by the court for two reasons (1) necessary and proper clause, legal for congress to estb. a U.S. bank (2) Article VI supremacy clause Federal law trumps state law. |
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Definition
| (Commerce clause) exclusive right to operate steamships within NY state waters was given to --- opposed court ruled that the state could not do this. Congress had the right to regulate interstate commerce. Known as the “Emancipation of American Commerce”. |
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| African american considered not a citizen of the U.S.Due to this case the portion of the MO compromise that banned slavery N&W of MO ruled unconstitutional. This case increase the debate over slavery giving rise to the civil war. |
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Definition
| civilians & citizens of a state that is not invaded by force during wartime is not subject to jurisdiction of Court Marshall. |
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Definition
| during Grant admin. Mormon polygamy, Mc Keans, Chief Justice of UT supreme court. Rounded up hundreds of mormons under an anti bigamy statute. George Reynolds (secretary to Brigham Young) was chosen to be the test case. He was convicted and he appealed. Chief Justice (Waite) said there was a “wall of separation between church and state” meaning just because you believe something you cannot practice some things. |
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Definition
| upheld legality of racial segregation. Legal is separate facilities for Black and white. “separate but equal”. |
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Definition
| first ruling that determined the meaning of freedom of speech protection in 1st amendment. Wrote letter stating draft was against 13 amendment. Some speech is not protected by the 1st amendment. “clear and present danger” test. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separate but equal had no place in public education. Unconstitutional to have separate schools based on race. |
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Definition
| struck down state sponsored prayer in public school (NY). Prayer was unconstitutional. |
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Definition
| restaurants cannot refuse service to African Americans under the commerce clause. |
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Definition
| CT birth control laws violated civil right. “Right to privacy” protect right of unmarried person to use birth control. (Extended into Roe vs Wade later) |
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Definition
| Law enforcement officers must advise suspects of certain rights before questioning suspects. Right to not self-incriminate & assistance of counsel (have an attorney present). |
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Definition
| women have constitutional right to an abortion during the first six months of pregnancy (Norma McCorvey was “Jane Roe”). |
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Term
| Regents U of Ca vs. Bakke |
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Definition
| White guy denied admission to medical school based on race only “equal protection clause” 14th amendment of constitution. Exclusion of any person from a Federally funded program based on race (race discrimination okay in some cases). |
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Term
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Definition
| number of electoral college electors |
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Term
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Definition
| number of electoral college voters needed to win the election |
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Term
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Definition
| political party founded by Hamilton and John Adams that envisioned a great Western empire with a strong federal government and a broad interpretation of Constitutional powers. |
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Term
| Democratic-Republican Party |
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Definition
| political party led by Jefferson and Madison that championed a society of self-reliant individuals to protect rights, a smaller federal government, and a narrow and strict interpretation of the Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| candidate that receives more than 50% of total votes wins |
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Term
| Majority of entire membership |
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Definition
| is a voting basis that requires that more than half of all the members of a body (including those absent and those present but not voting) to vote in favor of a proposition in order for it to be passed. |
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Definition
| receiving the largest percentage of the votes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis, with "a new birth of freedom," that would bring true equality to all of its citizens. Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but also for the principle of human equality |
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Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| presidential order issued by Abe Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in the Confederate area not under Union control (Monk p. 208 Amend. 13). |
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Definition
| formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment. The House has to vote by majority and the Senate tries the case. |
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Definition
| censoring a work before it is published. (The government is not able to do this) |
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Term
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Definition
| the supremacy of the federal government over the states. |
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Term
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Definition
| large (16-23 people) only criminal cases. Determines if there is enough evidence for an indictment. Do not find someone guilty or innocent. Jury is there to decide if taxpayer money should pay for this trial. |
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Definition
| (6-12 people) determine guilt or innocence. Decides the facts in a civil or criminal case. |
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Definition
| oral defamation, in which someone tells one or more persons an untruth about another which untruth will harm the reputation of the person defamed |
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Term
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Definition
| to publish in print (including pictures), writing or broadcast through radio, television or film, an untruth about another which will do harm to that person or his/her reputation. |
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Definition
| you can’t be tried for the same offense twice. which amendment? |
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Definition
| gives government the power to take private property for public use. They can only take private property that you pay property taxes on. Pay you just compensation. |
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Definition
| Circumstance that require an immediate response. An exception to the general prohibition on a warrantless arrest or search. Occurs when police officers believe they have probable cause and there is no time to obtain a warrant. ex. a house on fire. |
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Definition
| the right of the plaintiff and the defendant in a jury trial to have a juror dismissed before trial without stating a reason. |
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Definition
| questioning potential jurors to reveal their biases and knowledge of the case. (Monk p. 175) |
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Term
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Definition
| even after the 13th amendment passed it did not resolve the legal status of former slaves. After the civil war many southern states passed “this term” designed to severely restrict the lives of the newly freed slaves and keep them in virtual slavery. |
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Term
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Definition
| reallocation of legislative seats based on changes in population. The process by which congress allocates the number of representatives for each state, based on changes in the census |
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Term
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Definition
| Incumbents that have not been reelected to office (Monk p. 243 Amend. 20). (politics), an elected official who is approaching the end of his or her tenure, and especially an official whose successor has already been elected |
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Term
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Definition
| principle that the people are the source of all gov. power (Monk p. 12 Preamble) |
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Term
| 2000 presidential election |
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Definition
| The popular vote was won by Al Gore but Bush won the electoral vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreement between slavery and anti-slavery factions in the U.S. that regulated slavery in western territories, prohibiting slavery above the border of Arkansas (except MO) and permitting it south of that border(Fox p. 195). Maine was admitted to the Union as a free state while Missouri was admitted as a slave state. Slavery became illegal north of the southern border of MO. Later in Dred Scott case the ban of slavery north of MO was ruled unconstitutional and made slavery legal in federal territory, the whole Union. This lead to the outbreak of civil war. |
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Definition
| essentially repealed the MO compromise, allowing each territory to vote on the issue of slavery. The act spurred opposing Northerners to form the republican party in opposition and was a major factor in the political divisiveness prior to the civil war |
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Term
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Definition
| General Armistead awaited the British naval bombardment here. After 25 hours of fighting, the oversized American flag was hung and showed that they had survived the onslaught. (Star Spangled Banner started) |
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Term
| Midnight judge-- John Adams |
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Definition
| judiciary appointments of the federalist judges made by Fed. president (who??) shortly before he left office, in response to the Democratic-Republican victory in the congress and presidency (Fox p. 113). |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of new states from these western territories strained the uneasy balance between slave and free states in the union |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation (Fox p. 407) |
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Term
Compromise of 1850 and
fugitive slave act |
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Definition
| California was admitted to the Union as a free state while the residents of Utah and New Mexico territories decided for themselves about slavery. Most controversial portion of compromise was the _____ Act. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allowed Federal Agents to go find an return fugitive slaves anywhere in Union, bypassing state courts. Many accusations of free slaves kidnapped and taken to slave states |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that American expansion of an “Empire of Liberty” through Western hemisphere was justified by the benefits of bringing the American way of life to acquired territories |
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Term
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Definition
| The terms of the this treaty, which took place in the United Kingdom, stated that fighting between the United States and Britain in the War of 1812 would cease and all conquered territory was to be returned to the prewar claimant. |
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Term
Monroe Doctrine
Named after pres. james monroe |
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Definition
| named after 5th Pres. To the idea of any European “recolonization” at least in the western hemisphere, this policy empathetically said NO. Any aggressive move by a European power towards any country in the american continent would be regarded as a challenge and affront to the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| a court document forcing an action by a certain party (Fox p. 408). Used in Marbury vs. Madison. Court order directing a public official to perform his or her public duties. It applies to duties that an office holder is required by law to perform—rather than acts within the discretion of the officeholder. |
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Term
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Definition
| New England states threatened to secede at this convention, but the war (of 1812) ended soon thereafter, and New England’s vital trade with Great Britain resumed |
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Term
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Definition
| forced servitude of Americans in the British Navy. |
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Term
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Definition
| French agents demanded a large bribe for the restoration of relations with the United States. The French inflicted substantial losses on American shipping. Secretary of State Timothy Pickering reported to Congress on June 21, 1797 that the French had captured 316 American merchant ships in the previous eleven months. The hostilities caused insurance rates on American shipping to increase at least 500 percent, as French marauders cruised the length of the U.S. Atlantic seaboard virtually unopposed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gen Andrew Jackson was ordered to crush the Red Sticks (Indian). This battle went on for 5 hours and ended the Creek War. |
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Term
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Definition
| Francis Scott Key composed this as he, Beanes, and Skinner watched a huge American flag catch wind at Fort McHenry. He put it to the tune of an old British drinking song. It later became the National Anthem. |
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Term
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Definition
| First shots of the civil war fired at this fort which is just off the coast of SC. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where eccentric abolitionist John Brown led his sons and others on a search for proslavery settlers, which ended in the killing of five people |
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Term
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Definition
| someone that lives in a Northern state but they sympathize with Southern states rights. They believe the south had the right to leave the union. |
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Term
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Definition
| vocal group of Democrats located in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. Republicans started calling antiwar Democrats "this term", likening them to the venomous snake. The Peace Democrats accepted the label, reinterpreting the copper "head" as the likeness of Liberty, which they cut from copper pennies and proudly wore as badges. |
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Term
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Definition
| holding that States could inactivate federal laws within their borders |
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Term
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Definition
| was a short-lived political party based in South Carolina in the 1830s. Started by John C. Calhoun, it was a states' rights party that supported the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, holding that States could inactivate federal laws within their borders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alliance of southern states that seceded from the Union over slavery |
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Term
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Definition
| the first federal law to restrict immigration |
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Term
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Definition
| The act disincorporated both the LDS Church and the Perpetual Emigration Fund on the grounds that they fostered polygamy. The act prohibited the practice of polygamy and punished it with a fine of from $500 to $800 and imprisonment of up to five years. It dissolved the corporation of the church and directed the confiscation by the federal government of all church properties valued over a limit of $50,000. The act was enforced by the U.S. Marshal and a host of deputies. |
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Term
| Nullification Crisis of 1832 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This is passed authorizing Pres. Andrew Jackson to use whatever force is necessary to enforce Federal tariffs. It was intended to suppress South Carolina's refusal to collect tariffs during the Nullification Crisis. South Carolina, in turn, nullified (abolished) this Bill. |
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Term
| Henry Clay’s Compromise Tariff of 1833 |
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Definition
| satisfied John C. Calhoun and South Carolina making nullification unnecessary in any event. (Civil War reading) It is the first piece of legislation to publicly deny the right of secession to individual states. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lincoln supported this amend. which if ratified would have added an unamendable provision to the constitution forbidding Congress to outlaw slavery |
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Term
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Definition
| Thomas Jefferson secretly publishes the Kentucky Resolutions demanding the Federal Government respect state’s rights. Both the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that the Constitution was a compact or agreement among the states. Therefore, the federal government had no right to exercise powers not specifically delegated to it and that if the federal government assumed such powers, acts under them would be void. So, states could decide the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress. |
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Term
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Definition
| James Madison secretly publishes the _____ demanding the Federal Government respect state’s rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| (tax on imports) bill, promising to provide the government with an adequate source of revenue |
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Term
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Definition
| In the context of the American Civil War (1861-1865), the ____were slave states that had not declared a secession from the United States. Four slave states never declared a secession: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Four others did not declare secession until after the 1861 Battle of Fort Sumter: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia—after which, they were less frequently called "this term". Also included as a _____ during the war is West Virginia, which broke away from Confederate Virginia and became a new state in the Union |
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