Term
| what are the 4 phases of interphase |
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Definition
Go:resting phase
Gi: growth phase DNA=2N, synthesis of new organelles, Checkpoint CDK cyclin E
S: DNA synthesis (histone= main protein needed)
G2:biosynthesis> MT, inhibition of protein synthesis
Checkpoint Cdc25>MPF |
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Term
| how long takes mitosis compare to interphase |
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Definition
| relatively short: about 10% of cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
–prophase
–metaphase,
–anaphase,
–telophase
–cytokinesis **** not really in mitosis
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Term
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Definition
•Centrosomes appear near the nucleus
–Main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the cell
–Regulator of cell-cycle progression
•Chromatin is condensed
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Term
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Definition
•The nuclear membrane has degraded
•Microtubules/mitotic spindles (green) invade the nuclear space
–Attach to kinetochores (pink) of chromosomes (blue)
–Interact with opposing microtubules
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Term
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Definition
•Condensed chromosomes in the middle of the cell
•Kinetochores attached to spindle fibers which are attached to centrosomes.
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Term
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Definition
–The sister chromatids (now sister chromosomes) are pulled apart by shortening kinetochore microtubule
–The nonkinetochore microtubules elongate, pulling the centrosomes and the chromosomes to opposite
ends of the cell.
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Term
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Definition
•Nonkinetochore microtubules continue to lengthen, elongating the cell even more.
A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| cleavage furrow contain a contractile ring |
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Term
compare cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK)
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Definition
cyclin: synthesized at specific stages of the cell cycle, regulatory subunits
cyclin dependent kinase (CDK):constitutively expressed, catalytic subunits, inactive in the absence of a partner cyclin, ***phosphorylates proteins
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Term
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Cyclin-CDK complexes control entry, exit, and progression through the different stages of the cell cycle
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Definition
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Term
whats are restriction endonulceases
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Definition
| DNA scissors that allow us to cut DNA into manageable fragments |
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Term
| what are southern and northern block used for |
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Definition
| southern block for DNA and northern block for mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
single nucleotide polymorphism SNPs
variable number of tendem repeat VNTRs
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Definition
99.9% identital
0.1% DNA fingerprinting |
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Term
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Definition
| to replicate a same fragment of DNA numerous time |
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