Term
| differentiate b/w prokaryote and eukaryote |
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Definition
prokaryote= no organelles circular DNA, no internal membrane
eukaryote= membrane bound organelles, DNA contained in nucleolus, internal membrane |
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Term
| what are membranes composed of |
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Definition
| phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins |
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Term
| why is cholesterol so important in membrane |
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Definition
it accounts for 50% of lipids in the membrane
tehy decrease permeability and make membrane less deformable ( more stable)
prevents cru=crystallization of hydrocarbons and phase shifts in the membrane |
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Term
| what makes phopholipids move in the membrane |
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Definition
| scramblases and flippases |
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Term
| differentiate b/w saturated and unsaturated FA |
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Definition
saturated FA tail can pack nicely, they have trans-2x bonds, they decrease membrane fluidity
unsaturated=have a kink so can't pack nicely, they stay apart which is good. they have cis-2x bond, they increase membrane fluidity |
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Term
| differentiate integral versus peripheral proteins |
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Definition
integral proteins= penetrate the membrane, they can be removed by detergent. there are several different types
peripheral proteins=do not penetrate the membrane, they are covently bound to other proteins,can dissociate from membrane with high salt, they can be in or outside of the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized area in membrane made of sphingomyelin and cholesterol and proteins |
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Term
| whats the difference b/t cytoplasm and cytosol |
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Definition
cytoplasm is contents of the cell without its nucleus
cytosol is the content of the cytoplasm without its organelles so mainly its fluids |
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Term
| what are the fnx of the cytosketlon |
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Definition
determines the cell's shape
important for the mvt of organelles and vesicles
privides motility to mobile cells ( fibroblast, macrophage, sperm) |
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Term
| what are the 3 components of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
microfilament=made of actin (6um), intra and extra cellular mvt
intermediate filament=(8-10um) fibrous subunit, support and provide 3D shape, anchors the nucleus. * supported by desmosomes
microfilament=(25um) a-b-tubulin, MTOG, they maintain shape and rigidity, inta mtv, form cilia and flagella |
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Term
| give exemples of intermediate filaments |
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Definition
keratin ( epithelium)
vimentin( mesenchymes cells)
desmin(muscle)
Glial fibrillary acidic protein(glial cells)
Neurofilaments( neuron)
Nuclear lamins(all cells) |
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Term
| describe the 2 types of MT cell motors |
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Definition
kinesin transport material towards the + end
Dyenin transport material towards the - end
they both use ATP to power mtv |
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Term
| whats they arrangement of cilia and flagella and how do they stay on the cell |
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Definition
9+ 2 sets of doublets
basal bodies anchors the cilial and flagella in the cell membrane. 9+2 sets of triplets
requires dyenin for mvt |
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Term
| why are anti cancer drugs targeting MT |
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Definition
if you inhibits MT ability to form the mitotic spindles, you inhibit the cell division
taxol
colchicine
vinblastine
nocodazole |
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