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First Responder
First Aid/CPR certification
137
Medical
Undergraduate 2
08/01/2011
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Term
The medical ________ for a community is in charge of medical oversight to review or change the methods used for emergencies.
 Definition
director
Term
When the infant is not coming out head first it is called ________.
 Definition
breech
Term
_____________ is a freezing of body tissues, resulting in ice crystals forming.
 Definition
frost bite
Term
This type of dressing is used for embedded objects.
 Definition
bulky
Term
If the mother focuses on an object in the room and controls her breathing it can help to decrease the _________ associated with childbirth.
 Definition
fear
Term
If a young child or infant is injured in an automobile accident, leave them strapped in their _______ __________ as it serves to immobilize and protect them.
 Definition
car seat
Term
Any overuse of alcohol or drugs is treated as a ____________.
 Definition
poison
Term
Medical ___________ is the method of reviewing procedures to establish protocols or set standing orders.
 Definition
oversight
Term
The rule of thumb, keeping people as far away as it takes your thumb to block the potential threat, is applied to _________ situations.
 Definition
haz-mat
Term
A severe ____________ can be a sign of stroke, head injury or several other medical conditions and should be reviewed by medical personnel.
 Definition
headache
Term
When dealing with a case of avulsed digits, control bleeding and bandage hand or foot that is intact, then ________ the digits prior to putting in a plastic bag and putting on ice.
 Definition
wrap
Term
Once the mother feels the _______ to push or bear down, it is difficult to delay the delivery.
 Definition
urge
Term
___________ emergencies occur when a patient is acting in a way that is unacceptable or presents a danger to self or others.
 Definition
behavioral
Term
___________ bites may be highly contaminated with bacteria.
 Definition
human
Term
Young children, __________ and those with pre-existing medical conditions have a higher risk of heat or cold illness.
 Definition
elderly
Term
The 4 components of ____________, duty, breech of duty, cause and damage, must all be present for a person to be found guilty of this.
 Definition
negligence
Term
The 4 components of ____________, duty, breech of duty, cause and damage, must all be present for a person to be found guilty of this.
 Definition
negligence
Term
A severe allergic reaction that causes airway passages to swell and may restrict breathing.
 Definition
anaphylaxis
Term
This type of stroke is a mini-stroke and prompt treatment may prevent a major stroke.
 Definition
TIA
Term
When performing a secondary or physical examine on a young child. begin at the __________ and move up the body.
 Definition
feet
Term
This is the term used for getting patients ready for transfer.
 Definition
Packaging
Term
Abbreviation for loss of consciousness.
 Definition
LOC
Term
Patients who are experiencing hypothermia, diabetic emergencies, stroke or other conditions may show signs similar to _____________.
 Definition
drunkness
Term
Injection, ingestion, inhalation and absorption are how ____________ enter the body.
 Definition
poison
Term
The abbreviation for the condition when no known cause of death is found for an infant.
 Definition
SIDS
Term
_________ is a life threatening condition.
 Definition
shock
Term
A severe heat illness that may result in permanent brain damage or death.
 Definition
heatstroke
Term
Minor internal bleeding is commonly called a ________ and can be cared for by applying ice and compression dressing.
 Definition
bruise
Term
The Incident __________ is in charge of the handling of a mass-casualty incident.
 Definition
commander
Term
Do not use in-line __________ if the victim's head is severely angled, movement causes pain or presents resistance.
 Definition
stabilization
Term
When performing a secondary assessment or physical exam of an older child or adult, begin at the _________ and work down the body.
 Definition
head
Term
This system is the master body system.
 Definition
nervous
Term
Critical organs when dealing with immediate threat to life are heart, brain and ________.
 Definition
lungs
Term
Lack of sweating is a sign of advanced heat illness and results in the rapid increase of body ____________.
 Definition
temperature
Term
A hot-belly is often a sign of _______ internal bleeding.
 Definition
severe
Term
An occlusive dressing is made of ___________ materials to limit airflow to a wound.
 Definition
non-breathable
Term
When caring for a heat or cold illness patient it is important to protect or remove them from the hot or cold _____________.
 Definition
environment
Term
____________ is a wheezing or gasping sound during inhalation that signals respiratory problems.
 Definition
strider
Term
At a possible __________ scene work with the patient, but do not destroy or disturb the scene or evidence.
 Definition
crime
Term
Do not try to __________ a person in a convulsive seizure.
 Definition
restrain
Term
For heat illness if you can't submerse the victim apply wet cloths or ice packs to patient's ________ __________ especially back of neck and knees, arm pits and groin.
 Definition
pulse points
Term
____________ &/or vomiting are signs of shock, sudden illness, poisoning, injuries, pain, etc.
 Definition
nausea
Term
_ _ _ (abbreviation) is a standardized plan for dealing with mass-casualty situation because it provides 1 chain of command and can be expanded or collapsed as needed.
 Definition
ICS
Term
Do not put anything in the ____________ of seizure patients.
 Definition
mouth
Term
Do not give internal injury or shock patients something to eat or _________.
 Definition
drink
Term
The only time that you should remove an embedded object is when it is in the __________ causing significant blood flow into the mouth
 Definition
cheek
Term
____________ re-warm a patient with frost bite or hypothermia.
 Definition
gradually
Term
When tools are necessary to gain access to a victim it is called _________ access.
 Definition
complex
Term
When tools are necessary to gain access to a victim it is called _________ access.
 Definition
complex
Term
The _________ controls involuntary responses for the body.
 Definition
brain
Term
Type of dressing used for sucking chest wound or exposed organs.
 Definition
oclusive
Term
For hypothermia patients only remove _________ clothing and wrap in blankets.
 Definition
wet
Term
One of the reasons to _________ a patient is because they are in immediate danger where they are or when you cannot provide care in that situation.
 Definition
move
Term
This type of stress is a strong emotional reaction that interferes with a responder's ability to function.
 Definition
critical incident
Term
Persons with ___________ heat or cold illnesses are more susceptible to heat and cold illness in the future.
 Definition
previous
Term
Fractures in children < 2, injuries to genitalia, injuries in various stages of healing, and unexplained lacerations to mouth, lips and eyes are common signs of _________.
 Definition
abuse
Term
One of the main ways to slow bleeding after delivery is to help the mother start to __________ her baby.
 Definition
nurse
Term
Check the _________ of the scene for every emergency, but especially in cases of suspected poisoning
 Definition
safety
Term
Contact EMS or local emergency number when a patient has a ___________ for first time, is repeated, lasts for more than a few minutes, is a result of head injury or occurs in water.
 Definition
seizure
Term
The mnemonic used for how to handle mass casualty incidents
 Definition
S.T.A.R.T.
Term
You should be prepared to assist in a delivery is the baby's head is visible, which is called ___________.
 Definition
crowning
Term
This type of access doesn't require heavy machinery to get to a victim.
 Definition
simple
Term
A ____________ jaw-thrust is used to open the airway for a HNB patient.
 Definition
modified
Term
Deep ___________ that cover more than 1 part of the body, the face, neck or pelvis, are circumferential, chemical or electrical should be seen by medical personnel.
 Definition
burns
Term
The first T in S-T-A-R-T stands for __________ which means the prioritization of patients' treatment based on severity of condition.
 Definition
Triage
Term
When assisting patients with any type of ________ clean the area and immobilize, but only control severe bleeding.
 Definition
bite
Term
Slurred ___________ may be an indication of hypothermia, diabetic emergencies, poisoning, head injuries or other serious conditions.
 Definition
speech
Term
Do not ___________ body parts that have frostbite as this can do further damage.
 Definition
rub
Term
All of the following are "Links in the Chain of Survival":
 Definition
citizen responders, rapid activation of EMS, First Responder care, advanced out-of hospital care, hospital care, and rehabilitation.
Term
All of the following are First Responders:
 Definition
Fire fighters, Law enforcement personnel, Lifeguards, Ski patrollers, Industrial response team, Athletic trainers, Disaster team members, and First aid station attendants.
Term
First Responder Characteristics include:
 Definition
maintaining a caring and professional attitude, controlling fears, presenting a professional appearance, maintaining skills and knowledge, taking care of themselves and staying healthy, recognizing and keeping the victim’s needs as priority.
Term
A First Responder's primary responsibilities include:
 Definition
ensuring safety of self and others, gaining access to victim, identifying life-threatening conditions, summoning more advanced medical personnel when necessary, provide care for the patient, and assisting more advanced medical personnel.
Term
First Responders also may have to perform the following secondary responsibilities:
 Definition
summoning additional help, controlling and directing bystanders, keeping records, and reassuring others at scene.
Term
Medical oversight includes
 Definition
the medical director of a facility or community. It is important for providing standard operating procedures for direct and indirect medical controls.
Term
Indirect medical controls that are established via medical oversight
 Definition
are the protocols and standing orders for responding to medical crises.
Term
First Responders need to be aware of the warning signs of stress that they may experience such as
 Definition
irritability, inability to concentrate, difficulty sleeping/nightmares, anxiety, guilt, and/or loss of interest in work.
Term
Critical Incident Stress is defined as
 Definition
a strong emotional reaction that interferes with ability to function which can build-up over days, weeks, months, or years. First Responders may require counseling for stress related to an incident that they handle.
Term
At the scene, First Responders should evaluate the scene by
 Definition
determining the problems and dangers, the number of victims, analyze the behavior of victims/bystanders, and determine the need for additional assistance.
Term
The First Responder should ensure their safety by
 Definition
evaluating potential dangers, wearing proper gear, doing what they have been trained to do and summoning additional resources whenever needed.
Term
The scene may not be considered safe to enter if the First Responder notices
 Definition
that the scene may be a hostile situation, a crime scene or if there is heavy traffic. Other times that a First Responder should wait for assistance is scenes with smoke, flames, other signs of fire, electrical involvement, or hazardous materials involved. First Responders also may not enter an unsafe scene where the victim or patient is in swift moving water, ice, unstable structures, or during natural disasters.
Term
There are four criteria for a disease to be transmitted including:
 Definition
there has to be a pathogen present, sufficient quantity of pathogen, the person has to be vulnerable to the disease and the transmission has to be at the correct entry site. If any of the four are lacking, the disease cannot be transmitted.
Term
Pathogens enter the body via direct contact with
 Definition
the pathogen or indirect contact where the pathogen is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Term
Disease can also be spread via the
 Definition
air or airborne, especially through coughing.
Term
Vector-borne diseases are diseases that are spread by another organism,
 Definition
such as mosquitoes transmitting West-Nile virus
Term
OSHA requires employers to
 Definition
provide exposure control plans to protect employees. The plan must provide schedules and methods for implementing OSHA standards and exposure determination. Employees must be provided appropriate immunizations, protective equipment, and made aware of procedures for evaluating exposures.
Term
Standard precautions to prevent disease transmission are
 Definition
to use appropriate protective equipment, use engineering and work practice controls to contain bodily substances, and to follow personal hygiene such as hand washing.
Term
First Responders have to be aware of
 Definition
legal concerns and act within the limits of their responsibilities and training. First Responders who are employed in that capacity have a duty to act, whereas those volunteering would be covered by Good Samaritan Laws.
Term
First Responders must
 Definition
follow act within the scope of their training and in accordance with the standards of care for all first responders.
Term
First Responders should get express consent from the patient or caregiver whenever possible by
 Definition
stating their name, level of training, what they observe and what they plan to do. If a First Responder touches the patient prior to getting consent they could be charged with battery.
Term
22. If a patient is unresponsive the First Responder
 Definition
is acting under Implied Consent
Term
23. If a patient has Do Not Resuscitate Orders (DNR) or Advance Directives that are legitimate
 Definition
a First Responder should not begin rescue breathing or CPR. If they have already started CPR or rescue breathing they may be directed to stop by EMS or family members.
Term
24. Adult patients and parents of minors have the right to refuse of care
 Definition
but First Responders should state the obvious problems with the decision. An example of this would be "He is not breathing, if we do not try to get oxygen to them they are going to pass out" "If they do not get oxygen they could die."
Term
25. Abandonment could be charged whenever a First Responder begins assisting or giving care and then stops. To avoid abandonment, First Responders should only stop care when
 Definition
the patient becomes responsive, someone with higher training takes over, the scene becomes unsafe, or the rescuer is too exhausted to continue. This is why in mass casualty incidents, patients who do not have a pulse or are not breathing would not be helped first.
Term
26. Negligence occurs when a First Responder breaches one of the four components of negligence. Those include
 Definition
having a duty to act, breach of that duty, cause some of the injuries or more injuries, and/or damage to the individual or property. Generally these would be when the First Responder fails to act, acts carelessly or acts outside of their training. First Responders who follow steps taught in training and act as a reasonable, prudent adult would generally be acting in an acceptable manner.
Term
This is a confidentiality clause that first responders must follow.
 Definition
27. First Responders are not allowed to share conditions that are disclosed by a patient during treatment to anyone outside of the emergency medical system involved with the treatment.
Term
28. When responding in a situation that may be a result of criminal activity, First Responders should
 Definition
preserving evidence and disturb the scene as little as possible while providing care for the victim/patient.
Term
29. As a First Responder you should take
 Definition
take notes and maintain all documentation whenever assistance is provided.
Term
30. The major body systems are the
 Definition
respiratory, circulatory, nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine and integumentary systems. The nervous system (brain) controls the other body systems.
Term
are considered the organs that are vital to life in emergency situations for First Responders
 Definition
The brain, heart, and lungs
Term
32. Whenever possible avoid moving
 Definition
a victim or patient. However, it may be necessary to move a victim to get to another more seriously injured victim, to provide care or to remove from a hazardous situation.
Term
33. If a victim must be moved you must take into consideration your ability to handle the victim.
 Definition
When you assisting or lifting a victim, lift with your legs not your back by bending at the knees and hips, take short forward steps whenever possible, and protect the victim's head, neck and back during transit.
Term
34. The best position for a person that is conscious is to
 Definition
allow the victim to rest in whatever position is the most comfortable. The best position to check an infant or young child is in the caregiver's lap.
Term
35. The primary survey of the patient is
 Definition
a check for conditions that are a threat to life: consciousness, airway, breathing, circulation, and severe bleeding. Patients who are being monitored while waiting for EMS to arrive should be re-assess at least every 5 minutes.
Term
36. The signs and symptoms of shock (hypoperfusion) include
 Definition
irritability and an inability to get comfortable; rapid, weak pulse; fast, shallow breathing; pale or ashen skin; sweating; nausea; and thirst. Shock leads to progressive shut down or failure of every body system.
Term
37. Shock is a life-threatening condition. General care for shock is WARRR
 Definition
Warmth, Air, Raise Feet, Rest, Reassure, Reassess.
Term
38. Serious internal bleeding could be a result of
 Definition
falls, trauma involving force, or violence. The area involved may be discolored and/or hot from excess blood flow and may be taut or more firm than usual. The patient may be sweating, nauseous, thirsty, confused, dizzy, or lose consciousness. If the victim is thirsty they should not be given anything to drink unless authorized by a physician.
Term
39. The secondary survey of the patient is to assess other non-life threatening conditions
 Definition
You should perform a head to toe check of the patient where you lightly touch the patient (ask permission to touch first), have the patient tell you if they experience pain with your touch. You can also have the person carefully move their limbs, fingers and toes during this assessment.
Term
40. Minor internal bleeding is a contusion or a bruise and can be cared for by using RICE
 Definition
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.
Term
41. DOTS is an acronym to remind you of common signs of musculoskeletal injuries. It stands for
 Definition
deformity, open wounds, tenderness, and swelling.
Term
43. If a person is not breathing or does not have a pulse, but MAY have a head, neck or back injury, you must provide
 Definition
rescue breathing and CPR first to avoid death. The modified jaw-thrust is used for possible head, neck and back patients who require rescue breathing or CPR.
Term
44. The majority of head, neck and back injury patients are conscious
 Definition
Provide manual in-line stabilization to reduce movement by placing your hands on either side of the victim's head. If their head is not in a straight line with their back, move slowly into alignment as long as there is not increased pain or resistance of movement: stop in that position if this occurs.
Term
45. SAMPLE is the acronym used to remember the information that you need to gather from an individual when assessing their condition. SAMPLE represents:
 Definition
Signs & Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Prior medical conditions, Last meal and fluids consumed, Events leading up to the incident. It is important to get this information as soon as possible in case the patient loses consciousness.
Term
46. General care for external bleeding is applying a dressing and
 Definition
DIRECT PRESSURE over the wound. If the bleedin g is soaking through the dressing, more dressings should be applied on top. If the bleeding is under control, a bandage can be applied by wrapping above and below the dressing and tying a square knot on top of the wound.
Term
47. Immobilization of musculoskeletal injuries may reduce pain and risk of further injury to the area. Ice, compression, and elevation are used to reduce swelling. When applying a splint, secure it above and below the injury, and immobilize the joints above and below the injury. Leave the area immediately over the injury open. Ties should not restrict blood flow. Check pulse in the extremity and check toes or fingers for warmth and blood flow. Soft splints can be made from towels or blankets, and rigid splints can be made from padded boards.
 Definition
Term
48. Impaled or embedded objects should not be removed unless they are in the cheek and causing blood to flow into the airway. A bulky dressing should be used for embedded objects by placing gauze rolls or thick padding on either side of the object then securing with bandages above and below the object.
 Definition
Term
49. Occlusive dressings, non-breathable coverings, should be applied to exposed organs or open chest wounds.
 Definition
However, when applying an occlusive dressing to the organs, moist dressings should be placed over the organs prior to the occlusive material.
Term
Anaphylaxis is a
 Definition
severe allergic reaction resulting in swelling of air passages that may restrict breathing. This can be triggered by an allergic response to food, insect stings, or a drug.
Term
51. Anytime you are dealing with a serious injury
 Definition
do no further harm, monitor ABCs and vital signs, have victim rest in a comfortable position, keep victim from getting chilled or over heated, reassure victim, provide care for other conditions that they are experiencing. Do not spend your time trying to determine exact cause - treat symptoms that they are experiencing.
Term
52. HAZMAT rule of thumb:
 Definition
keep everyone as far back as it takes to block your view of the container or area with your thumb extended, stay upwind, and do not enter the scene.
Term
53. Burns that cause breathing difficulty,
 Definition
cover more than one body part, are to the head, neck, hands, feet, or genitals, are caused from chemicals, explosions, or electricity, or are to elderly or young children require medical attention
Term
54. Ways to prevent head, neck, and back injuries include:
 Definition
wearing safety belts and protective gear, safeguarding against falls, following safety precautions in sports and recreation, and avoiding improper drug use.
Term
55. General signs and symptoms of medical emergencies include:
 Definition
changes in level of consciousness, headache/lightheaded/dizzy/weak, nausea/vomiting, and changes in breathing/pulse/skin temperature, color, moisture.
Term
56. Behavioral emergencies exist when the actions are unacceptable and/or dangerous to the patient or others. Altered mental status can result from--fever, infection, poisoning, including substance abuse or misuse, high or low blood sugar or insulin reactions, head injury, or any condition that results in decreased blood flow to the brain.
 Definition
Term
57. Seizures can be a result of
 Definition
fever, infection, chronic medical conditions, poisoning, low blood sugar, head injury, any condition causing decreased level of consciousness, pregnancy complications or pre-existing conditions. Contact 9-1-1 for seizures caused from any of these reasons, if the patient has repeated seizures, remains unconscious, sustains any injuries during the seizure or if it is the first time they have had a seizure. Note: epilepsy is a term used when there is no known cause of the seizures.
Term
58. Care for a seizure victim by
 Definition
protecting the victim from further injury during the seizure by placing a towel or soft object under their head and avoid physically restricting their movement. Do not place anything between their teeth or in their mouth during a seizure. After a fully involved seizure the patient may be extremely fatigued, help the victim onto their side, protect their modesty as embarrassment and/or loss of bladder or bowel control is common, and try to move people away from the patient.
Term
59. Diabetic emergencies occur as a result of blood sugar being too low (hypoglycemic or too much insulin) or too high (too much sugar and/or not enough insulin).
 Definition
Improper monitoring of blood sugar by insulin dependent patients, changes in activity levels, medications, alcohol or drug use, or severe changes in diet may trigger a diabetic emergency.
Term
60. The diabetic patient may appear
 Definition
confused or disoriented, agitated or hostile, shaky, dazed or unconscious. They may have a fruity odor on their breath due to poor breakdown and utilization of glucose.
Term
61. No matter what the reason for the diabetic event
 Definition
patients should be given sips of fruit juice or soda, or a hard candy if conscious. If they need the sugar in their system, the patient should begin to get better in a matter of minutes. If they needed more insulin, this will not worsen their condition. Call 9-1-1 if they do not respond quickly or they are unaware of why they had an issue.
Term
62. Those at Greatest Risk for Heat-related Illness
 Definition
are young children and the elderly, persons involved in strenuous activity in a hot environment, those with preexisting health problems, using illicit drugs or medications and anyone who has had a heat-related illness in the past.
Term
63. Signs and Symptoms of Heat-related Illness include:
 Definition
headache, cool, moist, pale, or ashen skin (earlier stages) or dry, red, hot skin (later stages), nausea, exhaustion, progressive loss of consciousness, rapid, weak pulse (later stages), rapid, shallow breathing (later stages) and high body temperature (later stages).
Term
64. To care for a patient of heat exposure:
 Definition
: remove victim from hot environment, give small amounts of cool water to a conscious victim, have victim lie down in a cool or shady area and elevate legs if possible, loosen or remove clothing, apply cool, wet towels or cold packs to wrists, armpits, groin, and legs, and fan victim.
Term
65. Normal Body Temperature can be affected by
 Definition
air temperature, humidity, wind, clothing, intensity of activity, body’s ability to adapt (physical fitness level), age, pre-existing health conditions and use of medications, alcohol or illicit drugs.
Term
66. Hypothermia is a body temperature that is below normal. Signs and symptoms of hypothermia
 Definition
are uncontrolled shivering, bluish color lips, loss of coordination, mental confusion, rigid posturing, and loss of consciousness.
Term
67. To care for a patient with hypothermia
 Definition
remove victim from the cold environment when possible, give small amounts of warm, decaffeinated, non-alcoholic fluids water to a conscious victim, have victim lie down in a cool or shady area and elevate legs if possible, loosen or remove clothing, apply cool, wet towels or cold packs to wrists, armpits, groin, and legs, and fan victim.
Term
68. The 4 stages of labor for childbirth are:
 Definition
Preparation (1st contraction until fully dilated), Delivery of baby (crowning occurs and baby is delivered), Delivery of placenta (within 30 minutes of birth) and Stabilization (recovery & stabilization of mother – approximately 1 hour).
Term
69. When assessing labor
 Definition
determine what number of pregnancy is, has the amniotic sac broken, how close are the contractions and how strong are they, is there a bloody discharge, does she have the urge to push or bear down. Once the top of the baby’s head is visible (crowning) you will need to help with delivery.
Term
70. When assisting with delivery:
 Definition
use a clean towel to catch the baby, clear mucous from mouth and nose, rub feet or back to help breathe, wrap baby in clean towel and place on mother’s stomach. If mother is bleeding heavily, have her start nursing the baby to help uterus to contract.
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