Term
| How doe insects compare in species diversity with other animals in the world? |
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Definition
| THE most diverse group of organisms on planet |
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Term
insects represent how many of the animal species on earth?
on land? |
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Definition
insects represent 73% of all described animal species on earth
and 85% of all land-dwelling animal species |
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Term
| what is the most diverse insect order? |
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Definition
coleoptera (beetles)
at least 375k beetle species; make up 40% of described insect species |
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Term
| timeline of all major evolutionary events for insects |
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Definition
most recent to oldest:
tertiary
cretaceous
jurassic -> angiosperms
triassic
permian -> end-permian extinction
carboniferous -> origin of metamorphosis, wing folding, and wings
devonian -> origin of hexipods
silurian -> same^
ordovican
cambrian
*mainly know ones with major events* |
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Term
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Definition
angiosperms
(cretaceous radiation)
details:
Insect diversity increased dramatically following the origin of the
flowering plants (in the Cretaceous). Insects adapted rapidly to the new resource and evolved
new methods of feeding and intimate associations with angiosperm life histories. |
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Term
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Definition
end-permian extinction
details:
At the end of the Permian (230 to 245 mya) there was a major
extinction event that eliminated many orders of very primitive winged insects. I refer to these
orders in the lecture as the Paleozoic insect orders. This may have cleared the way for a major
radiation in the remaining insect orders and especially the Holometabola. |
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Term
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Definition
wings, wing folding, then complete metamorphosis
details:
winged insects first appeared in the fossil record in the Carboniferous
period (350 mya). They almost certainly arose much earlier than that (probably the Devonian)
because the earliest fossils of winged insects had well-developed and complex wings.
Wing folding evolved in the Carboniferous period, not too long
after the evolution of wings in the first place. Wing folding characterizes all Neopterous insect
orders (all orders except Odonata and Ephemeroptera), and has allowed insects to inhabit
burrows, nests, tunnels, and generally protect themselves and their wings.
Metamorphosis evolved sometime late in the
Carboniferous or early Permian. What followed was another radiation in insect diversity. |
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Term
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Definition
origin of hexapods
details:
the earliest hexapods probably arose in the Silurian. We have
well-preserved fossils from the Early Devonian. The Silurian was the period when the first land
plants appeared in the fossil record, and insects probably colonized land shortly afterwards. |
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Term
| which insect orders are considered to be the most primitive? |
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Definition
| archaeognatha (bristletails), zygentoma (silverfish) |
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Term
| Which of the orders we learned are primitive hexapods and not actually insects? |
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Definition
| protura, collembola (springtails), diplura |
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Term
do the taxonomic classification of a Green Darner Dragonfly
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family: aeshnidae
Genus: anax
Species: junius |
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Definition
Phylum: Arthropoda
(subphylum: hexapoda)
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Family: aeshnidae
Genus: anax
Species: junius
*the point is just to know the orders, dw about anything past that! |
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Term
| name all apterygote orders |
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Definition
protura, collembola, archaeognatha, zygentoma
also, first hexapods to appear! |
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Term
apterygote orders-
what do these orders look like? |
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Definition
"a" = without
"ptera" = wing
basically, they have no wings |
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Term
apterygote orders-
in what sorts of habitats would you find these primitive hexapods? |
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Definition
typically live in damp locations such as leaf litter and soil
(but many zygentoma live in arid enviros) |
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Term
apterygote orders-
what is ecologically significant about these orders? |
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Definition
they contribute to breakdown of organic matter in forests and fields.
they provide important source of food for other insects. |
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Term
| What was the special new feature possessed by the dragonflies, damselflies, and mayflies? |
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Definition
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Term
| what were some advantages of the dragonfly and damselfly orders? |
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Definition
faster, longer dispersal
take advantage of new habitats
reach new sources of food
increased ability to escape predation
new lifestyle - aerial predation |
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Term
| What is a possible explanation for so many gigantic insects in the paleozoic era? |
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Definition
| percentage/concentration of oxygen in air MUCH higher back then than it is now |
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Term
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Definition
"neo" = new, "ptera" = wing
major event: evolution of wing folding |
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Term
neoptera orders-
what is unique about them? why is this advantageous? |
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Definition
| wing folding; advantageous bcs you can put them away when not flying, so as to easily roam the land (like beetles) |
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Term
| three types of metamorphosis + order example for each |
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Definition
ametabolous = no metamorphosis
hemimetabolous = incomplete/partial metamorphosis; gradual development
holometabolous = complete metamorphosis (endopterygotes) ex: lepidoptera |
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Term
| recap of major events in insect evolution: |
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Definition
I. Origin of wingless hexapods (silurian/devonian)
II. Evolution of wings (carboniferous)
III. evolution of wing folding ( " " )
IV. evolution of complete metamorphosis ( " " )
V. End Permian Extinction (Permian)
VI. Angiosperm radiation (cretaceous) |
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Term
sequence of geological periods
hint: COSDCPTJC |
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Definition
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
*pneumonic: Curiously Odd Students Despise Chocolate, Prefer Tasting Juicy Critters |
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Term
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Definition
no metamorphosis
zygentoma and archeognatha |
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Term
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Definition
incomplete/partial metamorphosis; gradual development
odonata, ephemeroptera, plecoptera, embioptera, phasmatodea, orthoptera, dermaptera, grylloblattodea, mantophasmatodea, isoptera, blattodea, mantodea, zoraptera, psocoptera, phthiraptera, thysanoptera, hemiptera |
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Term
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Definition
complete metamorphosis (endopterygotes)
evolution of the pupal stage
nearly complete destruction of larval organs, turned into "soup" and reorganized into the adult insect
advantageous bcs can immatures and adults have completely separate habitats, diets, behaviors; therefore dont compete!
megaloptera, raphidioptera, neuroptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera, lepidoptera, trichoptera, sihponaptera, strepsisptera, diptera |
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