Term
| What are the typical sx/exam of HIV infection? |
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Definition
| Viral prodrome: malaise, low-grade fever)followed by adenopathy. |
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Term
| What are the unusual sx/exam of HIV infection? |
|
Definition
Bell's palsy
peripheral neuropathy
radiculopathy
cognitive impairment
psychosis |
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Term
|
Definition
HIV serology (ELISA) detects antibody to HIV and becomes + 2-3 omnths after exposure.
Confirmation is with western blot. |
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Term
| How do you diagnose HIV in patients with suspected acute retroviral syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Check viral load as ELISA may not have had time to turn +. |
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Term
|
Definition
pregnant women
Needle stick from pt with HIV |
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Term
| Name nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and their side effects. |
|
Definition
Zidovudine (AZT): myopathy, BM suppression
Didanosine (ddi): pancreatitis
Abacavir: hypersensitivity rxns
Emtricitabine(FTC): Diarrhea, nausea, HA
Lamivudine (3TC): Diarrhea, nausea, HA
Tenofovir (TNV): Renal toxicity |
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Term
| Name the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)and their side effects. |
|
Definition
| Nevirapine: Rash and hepatic failure |
|
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Term
| Name the protease inhibitors (PIs) and their side effects. |
|
Definition
Atazanvir: CNS toxicity and teratogenicity
Indinavir: Kidney stones
Nelfinavir: Diarrhea
Ritonavir: Potent P450 inhibitor
Saquinavir: SE are rare.
ALL can increase lipids, redistribute fat and cause DM |
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Term
| Name the fusion inhibitors and their side effects. |
|
Definition
| Enfuvirtide (T20): Injection site rxn |
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Term
| When do you prophylax for PCP in HIV and what do you use? |
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Definition
CD4<200; Prior PCP; Thrush
TMP-SMX, dapsone or atovaquone |
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Term
| When do you prophylax for MAI in HIV and what do you use? |
|
Definition
CD4<50
Azithromycin weekly |
|
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Term
| When do you prophylax for Toxoplasma gondii in HIV and what do you use? |
|
Definition
CD4<100; Toxo IgG
TMP-SMX or dapsone+leucovorin+pyrimethamine |
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Term
| When do you prophylax for TB in HIV and what do you use? |
|
Definition
Recent contact or PPD >5mm
INH for 9 months |
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Term
| When do you prophylax for pneumococcal pneumonia in HIV and what do you use? |
|
Definition
All HIV+
Pneumovax every five years |
|
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Term
| When do you prophylax for Influenza in HIV and what do you use? |
|
Definition
All HIV+
Yearly flu vaccine |
|
|
Term
| When do you prophylax for Hepatitis B in HIV and what do you use? |
|
Definition
Surface ag; core antibody +
Hepatitis B vaccine |
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