Term
| Actinic (solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
| Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury |
|
Definition
| Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
|
Definition
| Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon |
|
Definition
| Skip lesions (Crohn's disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, ascending |
|
Definition
| Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| Atrophy of the mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
| Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
|
|
Term
| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) |
|
Definition
| Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades) |
|
|
Term
| Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency |
|
Definition
| Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Fibrocystic change
2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Primary tumor(kids) |
|
Definition
| Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac manifestation of lupus |
|
Definition
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Metastasis
2. Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve") |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune( |
|
Definition
| Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman) |
|
|
Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
|
Definition
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| Constrictive pericarditis |
|
Definition
| Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world) |
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery involved in thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
3. Small cell lung carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (early; less common) |
|
Definition
| Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus) |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (late; more common) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Multiple infarcts |
|
|
Term
| Demyelinating disease in young women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US) |
|
|
Term
| Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US0; cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hereditary harmless jaundice |
|
Definition
| Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
|
Definition
| Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accidental excision during thyroidectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pituitary adenoma (usually benign adenoma) |
|
|
Term
| Infection secondary to blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infections in chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Calcium = radiopaque
2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
3. Uric acid = radiolucent |
|
|
Term
| Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L->R becomes R->L) |
|
Definition
| Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lysosomal storage disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Down syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas |
|
|
Term
| Mitochondrial inheritance |
|
Definition
| Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction of male urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opportunistic infection in AIDS |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis with IV drug use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer |
|
Definition
| Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells) |
|
|
Term
| Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
|
|
Term
| Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML |
|
Definition
| ALL: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult-60, CML: adult 30-60 |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(bcr-abl) |
|
Definition
| CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Prolactinooma
2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
|
|
Term
| Primary bone tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
1. Adenomas
2. Hyperplasia
3. Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities |
|
Definition
| Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renal cell carcinoma: Associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| Increased ventricular filling (L-> shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF]) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| Sexually transmitted disease |
|
Definition
| Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) |
|
Definition
| Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) |
|
Definition
| Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women) |
|
|
Term
| Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) |
|
Definition
| Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects) |
|
|
