stapedial artery

hyoid artery

common carotid

proximal internal carotid

left aortic arch

right proximal subclavian artery

proximal pulmonary arteries

left ductus arteriosus

Meckel's cartilage

muscles of mastication

Nerve V2 and V3

Reichert's cartilage: stapes, styloid process

muscles of face, stapedius

CN VII

hyoid, stylopharyngeus

CN IX

thyroid cartilages

pharyngeal constrictors

intrinisic laryngeals

CNX, superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch

positive Quellung reaction

Strep. pneumoniae, Haemophilis influenzae, N. meningitidis, Klebsiella pheumoniae

made of polysaccharides

antigen in vaccines

Malassezia furfur

spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep

Leishmania donovani

spiking fevers, heaptosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

macrophages contain amastigotes

malaria

Plasmodium

cyclic fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

severe (cerebral) with P. falciparum

P. vivax and P. ovale have dormant forms in liver - relapsing malaria

fever and hemolytic anemia

Northeastern US

maltese crosses

brain abscesses in HIV

ring-enhancing lesions

monkey or human reservoir

flavivirus

high fever, black vomit, jaundice

acidophilic inclusions in liver

infantile gastroenteritis

villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of salt and water

Rubeola

measles

Koplik spots - red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa

cough, coryza, conjuctivitis

Mumps

paramyxovirus

parotitis

orchitis

aseptic meningitis

Toxoplasma gondii

teratogen

choriretinitis

intracranial calcifications

hydrocephalus

Rubella

teratogen

CMV

teratogen

HIV

teratogen

HSV type 2

teratogen

Syphilis

teratogen

decreases synthesis of mycolic acids

for TB, also prophylaxis

AEs- hemolysis if G6PD deficient, neuro, hepato toxic, SLE-like

inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

for TB, delays resistance to dapsone in leprosy

prophylaxis to Haemophilus influenzae

AEs- minor hepatotoxicity, increases P450, orange body fluids

blocks viral penetration/uncoating (M2) protein

release of dopamine from nerve terminals

for influenza A

inhibit neuraminidase, decreasing the release of progeny virus

for influenza A and B

inhibits the synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase

RSV, chronic Hep C

preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

for HSV, VZV, EMV

blocks the differentiation and activation of T cells by inhibiting calcineurin

prevents production of IL-2 and IL-2R

predisposes to viral infections and lymphoma, nephrotoxic

binds to FK-binding protein, inhibiting secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines

nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, HTN, pleural effusion, hyperglycemia

antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine that interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids

AEs - bone marrow suppression

monoclonal antibody that binds to CD3 (epsilon chain) on the surface of T cells

blocks cellular interaction with CD3 protein responsible for Tcell signal transduction

cytokine release syndrome, hypersensitivity

inhibits T cell proliferation in response to IL-2

hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

HCC

nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis

Hydatidiform moles

Choriocarcinomas

Gestational trophoblastic tumors

metastases to bone

obstructive biliary disease

Paget's disease of bone

small cell lung carcinoma

intracranial neoplasms

papillary thyroid cancer

serous ovarian cancer

meningioma

mesothelioma

ejection click

crescendo-decresendo systolic ejection murmur

weak pulses, radiates to carotids/apex

Mid-systolic click

late systolic murmur

opening snap

delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur

occlusion of hepatic veins

abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

mildly decreased UDP-glucuronyl transferase or decreased bilirubin uptake

elevated unconjugated bilirubin with stress

absent UDP-glucuronyl transferase

jaundice, kernicterus, elevated unconjugated bilirubin

type 1 more severe than type 2

defective liver excretion of conjugated bilirubin

black liver, benign

hereditary spherocytosis

autoimmune hemolysis

megaloblastic anemia (with hypersegmented neutrophils)

marrow failure

helmet cell

schistocyte (fragmented part of an RBC)

DIC

traumatic hemolysis

target cell (codocyte)

appearance of a bullseye

HbC disease

Asplenia

Liver disease

Thalassemia

poikilocytes

abnormal shape

TTP/HUS

microvascular damage

DIC

thalassemias

anemia of chronic disease

iron deficiency

lead poisoning

Saturday night palsy

(wrist drop)

difficulty flexing elbow

variable sensory loss

decreased thumb function

Pope's blessing

intrinsic muscles of the hand

claw hand

disregard for and violation of rights of others, criminality

conduct disorder if <18 years

unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsiveness, sense of emptiness

splitting is major defense mechanism