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assertion that must be proved |
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materials that speakers use to support their ideas |
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specific instance used to illustrate a concept, experience, issue, or problem |
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instance that actually took place |
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instance that did not take place but could have |
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story that recounts or foretells real or hypothetical events |
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short story or vignette that illustrates a specific point |
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longer story that makes an evolving connection with broader point |
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process in which stories reference other stories or rely on parts of other stories to be completed |
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numerical summaries of facts, figures, and research findings |
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average of a group of numbers |
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middle number in a series or set of numbers arranged in a ranked order |
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number that occurs most often is a set of numbers |
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exact word-for-word presentation of another's testimony |
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summary of another's testimony in the speaker's own words |
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opinions or observations of someone considered an authority in a particular field |
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opinions or observation of someone who has first knowledge of a topic (sometimes called lay testimony) |
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your own opinion or observation that you use to convey your point |
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unreasoned distortion of judgement or prejudice about a topic |
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having a fair, ethical, and undistorted view on a question or issue |
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statement of the exact meaning of a word or phrase |
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objective meaning of a word or phrase you find in a dictionary |
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subject meaning of a word or phrase based on personal experiences and believes |
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why you think something is true or want to propose it |
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the evidence you have to be certain your grounds support your claim |
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the evidence you have to be certain your warrant supports your grounds |
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opinions or observations of others |
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