Term
| The sequence of the Scientific Method? |
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Definition
| Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion |
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Term
| Biology is the study of life. Which of the below is not a characteristic of living things? |
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Definition
| Can evolve from non living things |
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Term
| What is a Theory in Science? |
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Definition
| A set of principles, supported by scientific evidence, that explains some aspect of nature. |
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Term
| A scientific hypothesis must be written as: |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of an experiment is the part where the conditions stay the same (remain constant) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fundamental unit of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the below is in the correct order for the levels of organization of living things? |
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Definition
| Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue |
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Term
| What do we call the things within cells that are like "tiny organs" |
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Definition
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Term
| All living organisms are made up of 1 or more cells, so cells are the fundamental unit of life. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a collection of tissues with a common function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a collection of tissues with a common function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call a single species within a certain area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call all the species within a certain area? |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolution is the chief unifying principle of biology as it explains everything about a species. What is our working definition of evoluation? |
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Definition
| Gradual modification of populations of living things over time. |
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Term
| What is a defined number of atoms in a defined spatial arrangment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical objects which cannot be reduced to simpler substances by chemical means are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Atoms have 3 parts. Which part has a negative charge and encircles the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the atomic number of an element? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ions are charged atoms which have lost or gained |
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Definition
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Term
| Isotopes are atoms with a different number of |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical bonds exist at the level of an atom's ____. In other words, what part of an atom is involved in chemical bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| An atom is most stable with a full outer shell of electrons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water molecules are attached to each other using ____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The bonds within a molecule of water are what type of bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| A substance that dissolves easily in water is |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call a substance that yields hydrogen ions in soluation |
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Definition
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Term
| If I like a solution of coffee with sugar in it, which would be the solvent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call a molecule that has a diference in charge across the molecule? In other words, one end of the molecule is partially negative and one end is partially positive. |
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Definition
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Term
| In biology, is the shape of the molecule always important? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of model of a molecule shows where the nuclei are? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of model of a molecule is a listing of the atoms of the molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 4 classes of biological molecules are |
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Definition
| Carbs, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids |
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Term
| All biological molecules contain which element? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the biological molecules has the widest range of functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| The polymer proteins is made of the monomers called |
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Definition
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Term
| The polymer proteins is made of the monomers called |
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Definition
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Term
| The monomers for the polymer nucleic acis are |
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Definition
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Term
| The polymer carbohydrates is made up of monomers called |
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Definition
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Term
| There were 4 complex carbs that we studied. Which one is the main form of carb (energy) storage in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| There were 4 complex carbs that we studied which one is the main form of carb (energy) storage in animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| There were 4 complex carbs that we studied. Which one is the main component of cell walsl in plants is useful as dietary fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| We studied 4 biological molecules in chapter 3, which one includes fats, oils, cholesterol and waxes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Saturated fats have no double bonds, so the molecules will stack together nicely to forma solid at room temperature. |
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Definition
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Term
| Saturated fats have been linked with heart disease. What are saturated fats found in the food we eat? |
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Definition
| Animal products, tropical oils, margarine (all of the above) |
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Term
| Unsatured fats are considered to be better for your health that saturated fats, with monounsaturated fats being considered the best for your health. Which of the below are monounsaturated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholesterol has a bad rep but it is absoluately necessary for our cells. What is the function of cholesterol in our cells? |
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Definition
| Regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane. |
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Term
| What is the class of lipids that is the main component of our cell membrane? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for a chain of amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the below are considered steriods? |
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Definition
| Cholestrol, testosterone and estrogen |
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Term
| In our diets, about 90% of the the fats are in this form. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is smaller than a eukaryotic cell |
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Term
| Which of the followoing is an example of a prokaryotic cell? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Has a distinct nucleus and is larger than a prokaryotic cell |
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Term
| What is an other term for the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The outer boundary of a cell which acts as a security gate is called the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of the cell contains the DNA of a cell, acting like a control center for the cell? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of the cell can be thought of as a little protein workbench? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of the cell can be thought of as a protein shipping and distribution center? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of the cell is like an energy powerhouse? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of thecell gives it its structure, anchors things, and helps move things around by acting like a monorail |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of a plant cell (organelle) is where photosynthesis happens? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not have? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What structure in plants works as a hydrostatic pump, pushing out on the edges of the cell? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which cell structure is found as a collection of lots and lots of little whips that beat to move the cell along or to move material past a cell? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the single large whip-like structures that some cells use to move themselves |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Animals cells are able to communicate with each other through small special channels called ____ _____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Plant cells are able to communicate with each other using fairly large open channels called |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The endosymbiosis theory states that |
|
Definition
| Mitochondria (and plastids) were once free-living prokaryotes that invaded and set up a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotes. |
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|
Term
| The cell membrane that encloses a cell is mostly made up of a special arrangement of lipids called |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which component of the cell membrane regulates the fluidity of the membrane, allowing for flexibility, and patches holes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 components of your cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and glycocalyx |
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|
Term
| Which terms refers to a protein that is only loosely attached to the cell membrane sometimes functions as an anchoring point for the cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to a protein that is tightly attached to the cell membrane and sometimes functions as a channel for hydrophilic things? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term describes the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the widely accepted view of the cell membrane that states that the membrane is like an ocean of phospholipids with icebergs of proteins moving laterally within it |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Molecules tend to diffuse, or move, from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to the flow of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high concentration? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which terms refers to the movement of a substance with the concentration gradient, requires no energy, but it does require a helper protein? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to the movement of a substance against the concentration gradient, requires energy, and requires a helper protein? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for the process of moving big stuff out of a cell such as protein? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to the process by which a cell takes a swallow of the liquid material? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to what your white blood cells do, which is to engulf large things that need to removed from your body (like a bacterium) and take them apart down to the molecule level? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following is a good definition of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Potential energy is stored energy. What was the example of potential energy we talked about that applies to biology? |
|
Definition
| Bonds in polymers such as carbohydrates |
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|
Term
| According to the 1st law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction but can only be transformed from one form to another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, things tend to run or go spontaneously from orderly states to more disorderly states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adenosine Triphosphate, A molecule that cycles ADP, the energy currency molecule within our modies |
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|
Term
| Chemical reactions either release energy or require energy. Reactions where ADP forms a bond with a third phosphate group forming ATP requires energy. What type of reaction is that? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Any substance which speeds up a chemical reaction is called a |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A protein catalyst that functions inside a living organism is an |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| All enzymes belong to which class of biological molecules? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The starting materials in any chemical reaction are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a chemical reaction, substrates attach to the enzyme at the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of energy to get a chemical reaction going is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do enzymes speed up chemical reaction? |
|
Definition
| They raise the energy of the ATP |
|
|
Term
| What is a metabolic pathway? |
|
Definition
| A series of enzymes that work together in a multistep process to produce a final product. The product of one enzyme is the substrate of the next enzyme. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A helper molecule for enzymes that are some vitamins. |
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|
Term
| Many chemical reactions are called redox reactions because one molecule is oxidized and one is reduced in the reaction. The one that is reduced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following word equations summarizes the chemical reactions in cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
| Glucose + oxygen + ADP -> CO2 + Water + ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adenosine triphospate, biological energy currency molecule, produced by living things, used by living things |
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|
Term
| Glycolysis takes places in the ____ of the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In glycolysis, the cell makes ____ net ATPs per glucose molecule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Krebs cycle takes place in the ___ of the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Krebs Cycle, the cell makes __ net ATPs per glucose molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Electron Transport Chain, the cell makes ___ ATPs per glucose molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ETC takes the electron carriers produced by the previous steps of cellular respiration and transforms their energy into ATP. The most important electron carrier is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is happening in Glycolysis? |
|
Definition
| Glucose is oxidized and electron carriers are reduced |
|
|
Term
| The energy for making the ATPs in the ETC after H+ is pumped to the other side of the membrane comes from the potential energy stored up as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The entire process of cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce a maximum of ___ molecules of ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the word equation for photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| C02 + Water + ATP -> ADP + H20 + Glucose |
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|
Term
| What is the gas consumed photosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gas byproduct of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main product of photosynthesis that is useful to the plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure allows for gas exchange in the plant leaf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which organelle does photosynthesis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the source of the carbon atoms in the glucose that plants produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The oxygen released by plants into the atmosphere comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants are green because they ____ green light. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Primary Pigment used in Photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis has 2 stages. The first stage occurs only in the presence of light. In this stage what is happening? |
|
Definition
| ATP is made and electron carrier are filled with electrons. Oxygen is produced. |
|
|
Term
| The second stage of photosynthesis occurs whether light is present or not. What happens in this stage? |
|
Definition
| Carbon dioxide is fixed and ATP is used |
|
|
Term
| How do CAM plants avoid the problems of photorespiration? |
|
Definition
| Their stomata open only at night and bank carbon dioxide until daylight. |
|
|
Term
| In Mitosis, what is the DNA content of the 2 daughter cells compared to the parent cell that divides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the chromosomes replicate during the process of cell division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct order for cell division? |
|
Definition
| Replication, mitosis, cytokinesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the correct order for mitosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of mitosis where DNA aligns at the equator? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What phase of mitosis is where the DNA has reached opposite poles and the nuclear membrane starts to reform |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The complex collection of the DNA of an organism is called the organism's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A chromosome in a duplicated state is made up of two |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| An organism has matched pairs of chromosomes that are the same shape and size. In each pair, one was inherited from mom and one from dad. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of a plant cell makes cell division slightly different in plants than animals? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do we call the simple form of cell division done by prokaryotes (bacteria)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do we call a picture of your chro? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do we call it when a cleavage furrow forms and the cell splits into 2 cells? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How many cells are produced from meiosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Gametes are also called _____ |
|
Definition
| Sex cells, rep cells, egg, sperm |
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|
Term
| What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual repr? |
|
Definition
| Increased genetic diversity |
|
|
Term
| A cell that has half the normal amount of DNA for that organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cell that has the normal amount of DNA for that organims? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In genetics, the law of independent assortment refers to the fact that |
|
Definition
| Homologous chromosomes can align themselves at the equator independent of other homologous pairs |
|
|
Term
| In female meiosis, what term refers to the small, non-functional cells produced that serve only as a dumping ground for excess DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the first cell division of meiosis, Meiosis I, which of the following statements is true? |
|
Definition
| Sister chromatids separate and go to opposite poles of the dividing cell |
|
|
Term
| In the second cell division of Meiosis, Meiosis II, which of the following statements is true? |
|
Definition
| Both egg and sperm are produced |
|
|
Term
| What do we call all reproduction that does not use egg or sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to an alternate form of a gene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the outward appearance or behavior of an organism? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A specific attribute or variation in character, such as green or yellow seed color is called |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A and a are dominant and recessive alleles respectively, of the same gene. Which genotype would result in an individual with the dominant phenotype? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of cross woudl be for 2 characters? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to an allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which term refers to an allele that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Law of Segregation says that: |
|
Definition
| A gamete must always contain only one of the two forms of a gene present in the parent. |
|
|
Term
| A person with the type AB blood is an example of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If more than one gene for a character exists in an organism's genome, like a human height, then that organism is said to be ____ for that character |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When a gene is located on a sex chromosome, it is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to an organism that has 1 extra or 1 missing chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosis what is this calle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a piece of chromosome is missing, what has occured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When pieces of non-homologous chromosomes exchange parts, what has occured? |
|
Definition
| Chromosomal translocation |
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the mode of inheritance of Down's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the mode of inheritance for Huntington's Chorea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the mode of inheritance of cri-du-chat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The state of having more than two sets of chromosomes (in other words an entire extra set) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is credited with discovering the molecular structure of DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A permanent alteration (mistake) in a cell's DNA base sequences is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a mutation happens in a ____ , then it is posible that the mutation will be passed on to the next generation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the below is a mutagen, a substance that can increase the rate of mutation |
|
Definition
| All - cig smoke, pollution, uv rays |
|
|
Term
| Mutations are the ultimate source of all evolutionary change and genetic diversity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleotides are made up of |
|
Definition
| A sugar, a phosphate and a base |
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the making of an RNA copy of a DNA sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of RNA is a copy of the DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bases in the RNA copy of DNA are used in groups of three to code for amino acids in a protein. Each group of three is called a ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The RNA copy of DNA attaches to a _____, the little protein workbench |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which a sequence on an RNA copy of DNA is changed into a sequence of amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In DNA replication, special enzymes move along the DNA molecule, bonding together new nucleotides to complementary DNA strands. These enzymes are called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In protein synthesis, special enzymes unwind the DNA molecule and string together a chain of RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the DNA. These enzymes are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More than one triplet code on an MRNA molecule each might specify the same amino acid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbs are polymers made up of the monomers called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are polymers made up of the monomers called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbs are a polymer made up of the monomer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are a polymer made up of the monomer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleic acids (DNA) are polymers made up of the monomers called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the organelles that act as the cleaning and recycling crew of the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the protein rich, jelly-like fluid inside your cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shape is critical to the functioning of all proteins. What is the term for protein shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the type of structural protein that gives your cell shape and structure, helps move things around and helps anchor things? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the functional protein that does most of the work in your body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We have 4 levels of protein structure. What level has small scale twists and turns of the polymer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nucleic acid DNA is like a cookbook with recipes for making things in your body. The Human Genome project showed that human DNA is composed of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the chromosomes called that are non sex chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we call it when we take a cutting off of a plant and grow a new plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we call it when a part of an animal will regrow an entire new animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we call an organism that has both sets of sexual organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
