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Definition
| A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon |
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| Home of the ozone layer. Above the troposphere. Gases here do not mix as much as gases in the troposphere. Temperature increases as altitude increases, because of UV rays trapped by ozone |
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Definition
| Measure of force with which air molecules push on a surface |
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Definition
| Middle layer of atmosphere. Coldest layer. Temperature decreases as altitude increases |
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| Densest layer. Contains ~90% of atmosphere's mass. Differences in temperature and density cause gases to mix continuously |
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Definition
| Uppermost layer. Temperature 1000 degrees or higher. Not hot though, due to low density. |
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Definition
| The average energy of particles in motion. |
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Definition
| Transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures. |
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Definition
| Movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
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Definition
| The apparent curving of the path of winds and ocean currents due to the Earth's rotation. |
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Definition
| Wind belts that extend from the poles ro 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. Formed as cold air sinks at the poles and heads back towards equator. Can cause snow and freezing weather. Blows from W to E |
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Definition
| Wind belts found between 30 and 60 degrees. Can cause rain and snow due to moisture in wind. Blows from E to W |
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Definition
| Winds from equator to 30 degrees. Curves W. Once used to trade form Europe to America |
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Definition
| Narrow belts of high speed wind located in upper Troposphere and lower stratosphere. Do not follow regular paths |
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Definition
| The smallest unit of life that can preform all processes needed for life |
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Definition
| Covers cell and acts as a barrier. Controls materials going in and out of cell. The outer layers are safe with water, while the inner layers are hydrophobic. Protein “pumps” are used to transport nutrients |
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Definition
| Equivalent to the command center of the cell. Stores DNA and RNA. Chromosomes, which are condensed strands of DNA, replicate and split here |
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Definition
| The liquid that makes up the majority of the cell. The different parts of the cells are located within this. |
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Definition
| These organelles are critical in the M Phase of a cell. Help the cell divide. |
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Definition
| Empty spaces used for storing nutrients |
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Definition
| Breaks down food molecules to make ATP |
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Definition
| Protective outer layer of some cells. Only exists in plant cells. Water collects in the vacuoles of plant cells and push against it to keep plant straight |
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Definition
| Again only in plant cells. These organelles convert sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| A multi-functional, tubular membrane that is a continuation of the nuclear membrane. Appears smooth with electron microscopes. Functions include breakdown of lipid soluble toxins, lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, and control of calcium release |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Surface dotted with ribosomes. Proteins from the ribosomes gather here for distribution |
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Definition
| The organelle in a cell that generates protein through the use of animo acids |
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Definition
| Allows internal and external cell movement. Made largely of fiber and microtubules |
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Term
| Golgi Body/Apparatus/Complex |
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Definition
| Packages and distributes proteins. Lipids and proteins are delivered to it. The lipids/proteins may be modified. Final product is enclosed in a piece of the membrane. The substances and the membrane pinch off to form a bubble. Bubble then transports. |
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Definition
| Digests food, waste, foreign invaders, and "cleans the cell"(according to Ms. Piscioneri) |
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Definition
| The passive(no energy required) transport of water. Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. Water flows from a low concentration to a high concentration through the semi-permeable membrane. If water travels from an area of low to high density, the ratio of materials to water in the low area would increase, making the area a higher density, and equalizing density levels |
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Definition
| The act of organizing organisms into groups based on similar characteristics |
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Definition
| The science of describing, classifying, and naming living things |
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Definition
| Identification aid that uses groups of descriptions. There are only 2 descriptions per level. The organism is compared to both descriptions. The description either identifies the organism or leads to another level. |
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Definition
| The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their environment |
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| Nonliving factors of environment. Includes water, soil, light, and temperature |
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Definition
| A group of individuals of the same species that live together. Organisms in a population compete with each other for food, shelter, and mates |
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Definition
| All of the populations of a species that live and interact in an area. The populations in a community depend on each other for food, shelter, etc. |
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Definition
| A community of organisms and their abiotic environment. |
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| The part of Earth where life exists |
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Definition
| An organism that eats only plants |
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Definition
| An organism that only eats other organisms |
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Definition
| An organism that eats both plants and animals |
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Definition
| A diagram that shows how energy in food flows from one organism to another. Connects one organism to only one other organism |
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Definition
| Diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. More accurate than a food chain because it connects multiple organisms. |
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Definition
| Diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy. |
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Definition
| The largest population that an environment can support. POPULATION. |
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Definition
| Factors that hold back the population of organisms. Includes food, water, living space, etc. Any resource can become this if there is not enough of it. |
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Definition
| Able to run away, stay in groups, or camouflage. Some encompass poison. Three main ones are camouflage, defensive chemicals, and warning coloration. |
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Definition
| Speed, like the cheetah. May also hide and ambush their prey like the goldenrod spider. |
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Definition
| A close, long term relationship between two or more species. |
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Definition
| Symbiosis in which both organisms benefit. |
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Definition
| Symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other isn't affected. |
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Definition
| Symbiosis in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits. The invading organism benefits. Host is harmed. |
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Definition
| When a species evolves because of their close relation with another species. Happens over a very long time. |
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