Term
| What (six) events led to the Russian Revolution? |
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Definition
CRISP Wars
(Czar, Russo-Japanese, Industrialization, [Bloody] Sunday, Provisional, WW1 losses)
1. Czars autocratic rule--ignoring pleas of peasants 2. Heavy losses in the Russo-Japanese War--(in Manchuria) when they thought they were invincible. 3. Rapid Industrialization--led to high taxes and poor working conditions. 4. Bloody Sunday--Czar had military fire on crowd of protesters demanding elected legislature, working conditions, freedom. 5. World War 1--kept losing when thought they should win. Weak generals & poorly equipped troops. War too costly. 6. The provisional government--decided to stay in WWI, which made everyone poor and conditions worsened. |
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Term
| Which of Marx's ideas did Lenin champion? |
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Definition
"a dictatorship of the proletariat"
"Peace, land, bread."
History was the story of class struggle between capitalists and proletariat.
Additionally, Lenin believed in strong revolutionary leaders and a single party centrally directed government. |
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Term
| What kind of leader was Stalin? |
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Definition
| Cold, hard, impersonal "man of steel"' |
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Term
| What did Stalin do to prevent uprising in the Ukraine? |
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Definition
Stalin decided to "liquidate kulaks as a class" by taking their land, equipment, and food.
>3 mil. Ukrainians were shot, exiled, or imprisoned.
6 mil. people died in the famine .
By 1935, they had been eliminated. |
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Term
| Why did fascism have such appeal in Germany? |
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Definition
| Great Depression caused economy to collapse, American loans stopped, civil unrest |
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Term
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Definition
giving in to an aggressor to keep peace.
The British urged this strategy to the French, encouraging Hitler's advances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin signed a 10-year agreement with Hitler when the Allies asked him to join them. |
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Term
| What caused the Great Depression? |
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Definition
-Only rich had money, so
-Most people bought less
-But Farms produced more
-Which they couldn't sell for much
They couldn't pay their loans,
Weakening banks
-People sold bank stocks
-Stock market crash. |
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Term
| How did Hitler defy the Treaty of Versailles? |
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Definition
-He built his army beyond the allowed size
-Entered the Rhineland (30-mile buffer btw. Germany & France)
-He pursued Anschluss or union with Austria, which led to taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia |
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Term
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Definition
Total state control by one party of private life/society, loyalty demanded
Enforced through police terror, censorship, persecution, indoctrination
Modern military weapons and extensive propaganda |
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Term
How did WWII begin?
(What did Hitler do?
How did the allies respond?) |
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Definition
| -Hitler attacked western Poland in a blitzkrieg. -The Soviets copied, taking over the eastern half. -The French & British declared war on Germany. |
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Term
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Definition
| September 1st, 1939 blitzkrieg |
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Term
| When and in what order did Hitler invade European countries? |
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Definition
September 1st, 1939 Poland
April 9, 1940 Hitler attacks Dennmark & Norway May 1940, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France
East, North, West
[image] |
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Term
On what date did America enter the war?
What happened? |
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Definition
| (The U.S. signed the Lend-Lease Act in March, 1941, In response, on September 4th, a German U-boat fired on a destroyer. Roosevelt ordered German subs shot.) December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor, official declaration of war. |
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Term
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Definition
| The plan to kill all of the Jews (genocide). SS went from town to town shooting Jews, concentration/extermination camps. |
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Term
American Wartime Hysteria
(How did Americans respond hysterically to the war?) |
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Definition
| Prejudice caused by government propaganda against Japanese Americans lead to "Relocation Camps" |
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Term
| What major battles led to the end of WWII in Europe? |
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Definition
D-Day,
Battle of the Bulge,
Troops entered Germany & surrounded Berlin. |
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Term
| How did WWII end in Japan? |
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Definition
| Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Atomic Bombs, September 2nd surrender. |
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Term
| How were Nazis tried for war crimes? |
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Definition
The Nuremberg Trials, an International Military Tribunal representing 23 countries.
22 Nazi leaders charged with waging war of aggression and "crimes against humanity." 11 were executed. |
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Term
| How did Stalin come to power? |
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Definition
Built influence within the party while Lenin was at head
Exiled Trotsky
Built secret police with tanks who arrested "traitors" in Great Purge |
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Term
| How did Stalin maintain power in a totalitarian state? |
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Definition
Controlled all newspapers, movies, and radio. Many authors were censored for not glorifying him and his programs.
Communism was taught in schools, college professors who disagreed lost jobs, workers received lectures.
Only atheists were allowed religious freedom, police destroyed churches and synagogues |
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Term
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Definition
| New militant political movement emphasizing loyalty to state and leader. No clearly defined ideology. |
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Term
| Why did Fascism have such appeal in Italy? |
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Definition
| Disappointed in land allotment from 1919 Paris conference, rising inflation and unemployment, ineffective democratic government. |
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Term
| How did beliefs change in Europe after WWI? |
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Definition
| People questioned traditional beliefs and women demanded more rights. |
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Term
| What new theories, inventions, and movements came about after WWI? |
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Definition
Einstein's Theory of Relativity, Freudian Psychology, Existentialism, Nietzsche, Surrealism, Jazz
Automobiles, airplanes, radio & movies |
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Term
| How did the Great Depression affect WWI? |
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Definition
| Germany & Austria were especially hard hit. |
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Term
| What kind of leader is able to establish a totalitarian state? |
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Definition
Dynamic leader, willing to go to all lengths to destroy threats.
Sets, glorifies, and justifies goals of the state. |
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Term
| When and what was D-Day? Why was it important? |
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Definition
| June 4, 1944 D-Day invasion across channel into German-controlled France (Normandy), from there more troops entered and took back France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. |
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Term
| When and what was the Battle of the Bulge? Why was it important? |
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Definition
| December 16, 1944 Battle of the Bulge, Germans couldn't rally because their forces were split between two fronts (eastern against Soviets, western against Allies in France). |
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Term
| How did the US win in the Pacific? |
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Definition
| Despite Kamikaze pilots attempting to sink the fleet, allied troops took Iwo Jima, from which they launched their attack on Okinawa, with victory on June 21st, 1945. |
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Term
| When and where were the atomic bombs dropped? |
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Definition
| August 6th--Hiroshima, August 9th--Nagasaki, |
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Term
| What date did WWII end in Europe? |
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Definition
| May 7th 1945, Eisenhower accepts German Surrender. |
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