Term
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Definition
| damage or death to cardiac muscles |
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Term
| What causes typically cause a heart attack to occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what atherosclerosis is? |
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Definition
| the gradual buildup of plaque (cholesterol/fiborous connective tissue) in arteries |
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Term
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Definition
-made of single layered epithilial cells
-facilitate diffusion between blood, intestitial fluid, and body tissues |
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Term
Difference between artery and veins?
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Definition
-Arteries have thicker walls that withstand rapid blow flow and higher blood pressure
-Veins have thinner walls and pressure is lower, also have one way valves |
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Term
| What is systolic/diastolic pressure? |
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Definition
Systolic- ventricular contraction
diastolic- low pressure between contractions
120/70=healthy blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
-90% water
-inorganic ions,proteins, nutrients, wastes, gas,hormones
-RBC's and WBC's |
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Term
Explain what RBC and WBC and platelets are. |
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Definition
-RBC=erthrocytes
-WBC=leukocytes
-found in lymphatic systems
-phagocytes are leukocytes
that engulf and digest harmful
bacteria and dead cells
-platelets
-help trigger fibrinogen that helps to clot blood
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of nueron extensions tightly wrapped in connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| causes the generation of a nerve signal. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| carry out an action in response to a command. (muscle/gland cell) |
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Term
Types of Neurotransmitters:
-Acetylcholine
-Biogenic Amines
-Amino Acids
-Neuropeptides
-Nitric oxide |
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Definition
A-in the brain and between nuerons and muscles cells
-BA-important for the CNS; serotonin and dopamine affect sleep, mood, attention.
-AA- can be excitatory or inhibitory
-N-substances P mediates pain perception. Endorphins decrease pain perception.
-NO- triggers erection |
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Term
| In birds and mammals the seze and complexity of the _________ correlates with their sophisticated behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest power of the brain ) in cerebrum) is in the _____ ______ |
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Definition
| cerebral cortex (80% of brain mass) |
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Term
Cerebral cortex has several regions:
1.somatossensory cortex
2.motor cortex
3.association areas
4.Right/Left Cerebral Hemisphere |
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Definition
1. vision, hearing, taste, smell
2. directs responses
3. reasoning, language
4. specializes in different tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
-scanning and imaging technology used to study brain functions.
-monitors changes in blood oxygen usage in the brain. |
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Term
| Explain what makes up the Limbic system and what it's involved in. |
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Definition
-cerebral cocrtex
-thalmus
-hypothalmus
--Involved in : emotions, learning, memory |
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Term
| what are two functions of the human ear? |
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Definition
| -hearing and maintaining balance |
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Term
| what is different between volume and pitch? |
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Definition
Volume: -Louder sounds -More vibrations=more bending of hair cells=more stimulation
Pitch: Higher sounds -stimulates different regions of the organ of corti, sending specific messages to brain |
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Term
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Definition
contain dim-light absorbing pigment called rhodopsin ( see at night/see gray)
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Term
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Definition
| contain bright-light absorbing pigment called photopsin (see in bright light/color) |
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Term
| List the four stages of food processing: |
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Definition
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorbtion
4. Elimination |
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Term
| Explain the difference between michanical and chemical digestion. |
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Definition
Mechanical- breaks food into smaller pieces
Chemical- proteins split into amino acids, polysaccharides and disaccharides into Monosaccharides, and nucleic acids into nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
-waves of contraction and relaxation by smooth muscle in the walls of the alimentary Canal that move food along
-sphincters control movement of food into and out or digestive chambers |
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Term
| the (trachea/esophagus) conducts air to the lungs and the (trachea/esophagus) moves food from the the pharnyx to the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| Gastric glands of the stomach have what 3 types of cells: |
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Definition
1. Mucus cells-secrete mucus which lubricates and protects lining of the stomach
2.parietal cells- secrete HCl
3. Chief cells- secrete pepsinogen
Note: pep. and HCl produce pepsin which breaks down proteins |
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Term
| Which organ is the major organ of chemical digestion and nutrient absorbtion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile is made in the (liver/gall bladder) and stored in the (liver/gall bladder) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-stores glycogen
-makes proteins such as blood clotting proteins and lipoproteins that transport fat and cholesterol
-changes toxins to less toxic forms |
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Term
| What is the function of the large intestine? |
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Definition
| -reclaims water and compacts feces |
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Term
| The large intestine (colon) has bacteria that produces essential vitamins such as: |
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Definition
-Biotin-needed for enzyme reactions
-Vitamin K-blood clotting
-B Vitamins- blood formation, nueral function, growth |
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Term
| T or F: The appendix makes a minor contribution to immunity |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas secretes two hormones: |
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Definition
Insulin- removes glucose for energy of to store as glycogen (lowers glucose level)
-Glucagen- breakdown of glycogen (raises glucose level) |
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