Term
| the 18th century witnessed the birth of the ___, the movement in which scientists and mathematicians laid the foundations for the modern achievements in their fields |
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Definition
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Term
| During the 18th century, historians/architects traveled extensively to southern europe to study and measure classical ruins. the result would create the ______ period, |
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Definition
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Term
| the industrial revolution begain in _____ and it touched everything, positively and negatively. as for architecture what three main issues did the I.R. change? |
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Definition
1750
new materials, technologies,systems of construction |
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Term
Neo-classicism plus the I.R. led to a countercurrent style called _____. List one element that describes this style._______
one element that describes neo-classicism.__
one element that describes the I.R. |
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Definition
Romanticism
Emotional relief
emotionless
inventive |
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Term
| ______ was a plantation located in Chas, SC, is one of the finest and best preserved Georgian Palladian houses in the nation. |
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Definition
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Term
| John Drayton designed Draton Hall. He wasnt an architect but he used a pattern book by Andrea Palladio called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
What does NEO mean in NEO-classical?_______
Name an excavation site and book that influenced Neoclassicism. ____ |
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Definition
revival
pompeii, on confucious and the q'uran |
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Term
| The famous french architectural school, ------ was founded in 1671. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ecole des Beaux arts placed emphasis not on the style at the time, neoclassicism, but the ====== thought process a great weakness of the Ecole was its apparent lack of concern for developing =======. |
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Definition
architectural design
technologies |
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Term
| What ewas the most important new building material discovered during the MIDDLE of the 19th century? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the architect of the City Hall in Chas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how the Neoclassic, Altesmuseum, by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, of Berlin, Germany relied on the elements of Greek architecture in both plan and the exterior elevation? |
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Definition
| high colonnade that spanned the entire width with a high plinth , in plan it had a central rotunda like the pantheon with flanked temple forms, the whole from was a stoa |
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Term
| the architect for the Biltmore Mansion, located in Asheville, NC was -------- and is designed in the ------- style. |
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Definition
Richard Morris Hunt
Chateauesque |
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Term
| What new technolgies did he Richard Morris Hunt use in the Biltmore Mansion? |
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Definition
| Light bulbs, fire alarm systems, indoor plumbing, telephone, elevator |
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Term
| Benjamin Latrobe designed the Blatimore Cathedral in 1805-1818. Two designs chemes were provided for review, Roman and Gothic, Why was Roman version selected? |
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Definition
| roman design was forward looking neoclassical which represented the new republic. gothic was too dark ages and too in the past. |
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Term
| What tower gained fame during the Paris internation expositon of 1889? and what design element, whih was demonstrated for the first time in large scale made this tower so thrilling to the piblic and artistic elite? |
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Definition
eiffel tower
the passenger safety elevator |
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Term
| what is so unique oabout thomas jeffersons utilitarian spaces at his private home, monticello? |
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Definition
| he put the service functions close to the house but below the grade of the lawn so they were not in view. he had two walkways and water running to the cistern |
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Term
| from 1875 onward, ===== began to replace both cast and wrought iron in construction becuase its ----- and ---- strength exceeded those of iron and wwas cheaper to produce |
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Definition
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Term
| at UVA, ------ designed a U shaped campus plan linked by colonnades, in the ---- order and punctuated by larger pavilions. He planned for the design of each pavilion to serve a purpose to ----- students about different orders of classic architecture. he designed the library, at half scale, to the ----- to serve as the focal point of the design. he asked other architects, including --- to contribute designs for the pavilions. |
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Definition
Thomas Jefferson
Tuscan
Teach
pantheon
Benjamin Latrobe |
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Term
| The oldest building on the UVA campus, is pavilion --- and is the only pavilion with an arcade, which seems to continue the one story covered walkway. |
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Definition
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Term
| The =---- bridge was designed by John Roebling. It is a --- fot clear span suspension bride. ----- radiate from the towers providing wind bracing and are probably strong enough to carry the brides load by themsevles should the main cables break. |
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Definition
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Term
| from 1865, architects in ---- and ----- developed an original building type, called the skyscraper. |
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Definition
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Term
| name two cultural reasons the skyscraper was developed? |
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Definition
rise in urban realestate value
desire for business to be close to commerce |
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Term
| name two technical improvements that allowed the skyscraper to be developed? |
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Definition
fireproof technologies
mass produced elements |
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Term
| who introduced the European iron I section, now known as wide flange section for steel framing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is generally credited with the early development of the skyscraper and which building did he design? |
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Definition
William LeBaron Jenny
Home insurance company building |
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Term
| Joseph aspdin developed this material in 1824 after it had fallen into disuse for over 1400 years? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hyperboloid is a circular vault created by revolving an arch around its axis? |
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Definition
| False. elliptical hyperbola |
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Term
| many designers were becoming concerned about the decline of artistic standards in the late 19th century and this became the heart of a movement called ------ and the leader of this activist group in England was -----. |
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Definition
Arts and Crafts
William Morris |
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Term
| The Art zNouveau period is nurtured by a variety of style includings ------ and -===== |
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Definition
arts and crafts
later baroque |
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Term
| antonio gaudi was a gothic revivlaist |
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Definition
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Term
| Sagrada Familia, designed by ======, from 1882 to ===, has many Gothic overtones. Name two of these architectural elements. _ _ |
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Definition
present day
antonio gaude
tall spires-vertical emphasis |
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Term
| name the three grand facades of Sagrada Familia and what they were dedicated or designed to represent |
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Definition
nativity facade- birth of jesus
passion facade-suffering of jesus during crucifiction
glory facade- glory of jesus, road to heaven, hell, god, death, judgement, glory. |
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Term
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Definition
| ancient egyptian rock that is very course and contains crystals. |
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Term
| how many spires with Sagrada Familia have when done and who do they rep? |
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Definition
18 spires
12 apostles
4 evangelists
virgin mary
jesus |
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Term
| in 1890 a commission from Ellis Wainwright gave ===== and his firm the first opportunity to design a skyscraper and his treamment of using terracotta---- under each window and repetive patterns and became an example for much later high rise construction |
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Definition
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Term
| if iron was hammered into shape instead of cast, it is known as ----- iron. its super===== propertiess made it much better than cast iron for beams. |
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Definition
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Term
| William Morris established workshops where artist craftsman could create -====, ---, ----- using handcrafted techniques |
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Definition
wallpaper
textiles
furniture |
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Term
| after a major fire in ---- , a great period of rebuilding began. This is when we see the develp[ment of specific style of traditional home called the ==--- |
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Definition
1749
charleston single house |
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Term
| explain in essay format the plan and elevaton of a charleston single house including architectural elemtns and cultural elemtns key to the design of this house |
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Definition
1 room deep 3 wide
piazza on west of south
take advantage of southwest breezes
piazza door facade to central hallway
room on each side on first+2nd floors
complaints w/ additions passing through bedrooms
entertain on front piazza-door facade for privacy from street
limited windows for privacy from neighbors
kitchen, stables, privy (outhouse) |
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Term
| what is the architectural use for a shutter dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| a charleston single house is defined as much by its ----- and ---- as it is by its structure |
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Definition
lot organization
its dependencies |
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Term
| the kitchen located in an original Charleston single house and why? |
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Definition
| the kitchen was located behind the main house because of fire. Usually right behind the house |
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Term
the charleston double house is characterized by a ==== hallway with two ==== on each side. name the example that was discuessed. =====
whys it called this? |
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Definition
central
rooms
heyward-washington house
because thomas heyward would rent this house out when he came to charleston and george washington stayed their for a week |
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Term
| historic brick is waterproof and has proteted the buildings of Charleston for centuries. T F |
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Definition
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Term
| explain the porblems with historic masonry, including both brick and mortar that are affecting our buildings today? use terms |
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Definition
-masons mishandle it
-much softer-needs softer mortar for repairs
-brick erodes before portland mortar leaving hole
-tuckpoint around brick w/ chisels, soft mallet, labor intensive
-use lime mortar-harder-smear cuz hard
-is white-not sandy like historic
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Term
| what is the style of Heyward - washington house? ==== name an architectural elemt found on this house which helps define this style. ----- |
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Definition
Georgian style
door w/ pediment and fanlight |
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Term
| what german born american designed and completed the sword gate at 32 legare street in Charleston |
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Definition
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Term
| who was a wellknown ironworker in the 20th and 21st century who designed many wrought iron sculptures in chas? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Drayton Hall 1738
John Drayton, Charleston, SC
"Georgian Palladian"
-2 story portico
-architect not architect-use Palladios 4 books of Architecture
-double portico resembles Villa Cannaro |
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Term
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Definition
Sagrada Familia 1882- present
-Antoni Gaudi - Barcelona, Spain
personalized expression of Art Nouveau
-carved details
-stone made
-narthex
-doesnt appear gothic cause of rectangle
-3 grand facades
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Term
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Definition
Nativity facade
Gaudi
represents the birth of jesus |
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Term
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Definition
passion facade
represents suffering of jesus during his crucifiction |
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Term
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Definition
Glory facade
glory of jesus, represents road to death, god, final judgement, glory and hell. |
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Term
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Definition
Strawberry Hill Long Gallery, 1748
Architect: Horace Walpole
Twickenham, England
Romanticism |
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Term
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Definition
Altesmuseum 1823-1828
Karl Schinkel, Berlin Germany
Neo-classical - Greek influence
high colonnade-entire width
high plinth
PLAN- copy pantheon w/ central rotunda
flanked 2 greek temple forms
whole front is stoa- agora, athens |
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Term
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Definition
Monticello 1770
Thomas Jefferson
Charlottesville, VA
-octagonal dome
-connected to landscape by two walkways over top of bed spaces
-bedspaces = summer breezes
-the utilities were put behind the house, close, but lower than the grass level so they was close but you couldn't see them |
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Term
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Definition
University of Virginia 1817-1826
Thomas Jefferson
Charlottesville, VA
- U shaped
-residence halls on outside
-centrality elements : pantheon 1/2 scale
-symmetrical
-two story pavillion-1 story colonnade- simple tuscan columns
-teach students of different orders of classic arch.
important pavillions- 1, 5, 7
P5- chinese balustrade -chipindale
P7- only pavillion w/ arcade
asked benjamin latrobe about design |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Wainwright Building 1890
- Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler
St Louis, Missouri
-Skyscraper
-more ornamentation than Reliance Building in Chicago, IL |
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Term
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Definition
Wrought Iron mid 1800's
-more tensile strength than cast iron
- Charleston, SC
started 1739-1780 made own designs
*Christopher Werner 1840
-chas ironworker (german)
-sword gate 32 Legare St
*J. Lusti
-chas ironworker (german)
-st michaels cemetery gate, 1848
*Gabrielle Manigole (designer)
-city hall Grilles
**Philip Simmons 1912-2009
-snake gate-lunette panel repeats lunette shape
-329 eat bay
-uses animals, shake, bird fish in iron sculptures |
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