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Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/18/2011

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Term
Polar Bears with climate change
Definition
won't actually drown; prohibiting the hunting of polar bears would be more beneficial than trying to prevent global warming
Term
why global warming will help alot of species
Definition
many species will flourish due to the higher temperatures
Term
reasons for pollution
Definition
we all use the environment
population increase
industrialization
Term
leading producer of carbon dioxide
Definition
china then USA
Term
Cultural mandate refering to the degration of our environment
Definition
in genesis we are told to rule and subdue the earth
Term
Robertson's theory on globalization
Definition
Robertson argues that 9-11 began a new phase of globalization
Term
climategate
Definition
Climate sceptics alleged that the emails revealed scientists manipulating climate data and suppressing their critics
Term
Lomborg
Definition
used to be in greenpeace but now thinks that gobal warming isn't really that big of a deal also thinks that other environmental problems aren't real
Term
deforestation
Definition
is occuring but it is unsure how great of a problem it is WWF estimates we lost 50% of of forests due to the paper industry United Nations concluded that deforestation has decreased
Term
greenpeace's biodiversity report
Definition
estmated half species will be extinct in 50 years in reality it's only .7%
Term
conclusion for environment
Definition
Environmentalists, like non-environmentalists, or anyone else, can overstate or misstate their case
There are serious environmental issues
What we need is careful, accurate research and thoughtful policies to address our concerns
Term
copenhagen consensus
Definition
54% of worlds population ranked the most important needs of the world global warming was not one
Term
al gore's inconvienent truth
Definition
doesn't follow his own environmental standards; maybe the most inconvenient truth is that there is no such thing as global warming
Term
Daniel Botkin
Definition
global warming is most likely not going to creat a serious effect on us; climatic changes have always occured
Term
foundational assumptions about the degrading environment
Definition
Foundational assumptions:
1. Our resources are limited, so we must wisely prioritize our efforts to address pressing concerns
2. No nation can save another; deliverance comes only from an internal commitment, which, once in place, renders help from others effective
It’s like helping an alcoholic
Term
inreality the world is __ than before
Definition
better
Term
what does dr. campbell think we should do with honest environmental research?
Definition
Scrupulous honest & refusing to exaggerate must become the new standard
The world is better than it used to be
All things are not terrible!
Partisanship should be toned down
People of good will can see real dangers
Persuasion should replace shrill propaganda
Conspiracy mentalities and adversarial polemic should be abandoned
We’re all in this together and need to work together for common solution
Non-partisan research should be a priority
Term
What should America do in response to environmental problems
Definition
The American government should legislate environmental standards expected of all American businesses which operate outside the USA
Standards should be created by a panel from business, govt., etc.
Congress should incentivize American industry to help poor counties improve their environmental standards
Incentives should be set up to stimulate environmental research and development
Term
How we should spend $50 billion (lomborg)
Definition
Fist priority should be to spend $50 billon on urgent current needs
Water
Sanitation
Basic health care
Basic education
Term
Basic claim of global warming
Definition
Climate change
Catastrophic
Human Induced
For decades, scientists have postulated that increases in carbon dioxide and other gases could lead to warming due to a greenhouse effect.
The temperature has risen during the 20th century while greenhouse gases have proliferated due to human activities.
Therefore, greenhouses gases are probably the cause (AGW).
Term
what three factors determine the earth's surface temperature
Definition
Three factors:
1. Intensity of sunlight
2. Albedo-is the fraction of light reflected off a surface
3. Greenhouse effect-The warming of a planetary surface due
to the presence of an atmosphere
containing molecules that are good
absorbers of outgoing infrared radiation
Term
Important greenhouse gases
Definition
Water – H2O – condensable (clouds, ice), Carbon dioxide – CO2
Methane – CH4 (partially condensable)
Term
Direct additional warming resulting from increase in CO2 is ??
Definition
small
Term
Is the earth's temperature rising?
Definition
We’re in a gradual warming trend that started around 1850 Temperature has remained ~constant since ~2000.
Term
are we causing the temp to rise due to our CO2 use
Definition
Concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has been rising for ~100 years
Term
are we causing global warming
Definition
Correlation isn’t causation.
Greenhouse gas theory doesn’t explain past climate change.
We know of other possible causes.
Term
in midieval period temp was??
Definition
higher than it is now
Term
CO2 increase can be good because
Definition
plants need co2 causing a greener earth
Term
Conditions in pre-modern cities
Definition
small
Unsanitary
Term
WORLD POPULATION HAS ______ IN THE LAST 70 YEARS.
Definition
trippled
Term
by 2030 _____ should displace China as #1
Definition
India
Term
France’s large # of practicing _____
Definition
Muslims
Term
Pearse's prediction about the populization rising
Definition
The poor will overtake the middle class
Term
World BRs
Definition
USA: 2.1 Russia: 1.3
Spain: 1.1 China: 1.8
Germany 1.4 Mexico: 2.7
England: 1.7 Iraq: 4.9
Canada: 1.6 Saudi Arabia: 6.3
Term
France's plan to population
Definition
France will soon begin offering cash to middle-class women to have a third baby (proposed at c. $100 a month) The cash award will last for a year and depends upon staying at home that year
Term
the german population might _____ by 2100
Definition
die out; their birthrate is 1.4 if there is no immigration
Term
tell me about italy's population
Definition
it's declining must gain .5mil immigrants/year to maintain population
Term
Europe's population whats up?
Definition
EU will need 1.58 million immigrants annually from now until 2050 to maintain its WORKING population at present levels
Term
demography and i.q.
Definition
Over time we are not replacing our-selves with babies with the same IQ
Mounting evidence suggests there is enough downward pressure on IQ to cause concern
Term
the west is not reproducing itself so in result
Definition
: Europe’s population (w/ Russia) will fall from 728 million to 207 m. by 2100, i.e. to 28.4% of its present level!
Term
The growing populations in Western countries are (
Definition
indigenous & immigrant
poor & particular immigrants, esp. Muslims
Term
pearse's prediction about population growth
Definition
The poor will overtake the middle class
Term
from 1920 to about 1950 the US population ______ due to _______
Definition
The US birth rate fell dramatically due to a social
movement that feared “overpopulation”
Term
replacement level of fertility
Definition
2.1 child/women
Term
United States Birthrate
Definition
2.1 and we are ranked 117
Term
U.S. population is growing due to
Definition
immigration
Term
4 stages of demographic transition theory
Definition
1. pre-industrial 2. begining industrialization 3. increasing industrialization 4. Industrialization and post-industrialization
Term
demographic transition theory
preindustrial
Definition
Birth & death rates high
Population growth SLOW
Most of human history here
Term
Demographic transition theory
Beginning Industrialization
Definition
^ sanitation, health services, transportation, etc.
Death rate declines rapidly
Birth rate declines slowly
Population growth FAST
Much of contemporary 3rd world
Term
Demographic Transition Theory
Increasing Industrialization
Definition
Industrialization & urbanization > smaller family as norm
Birth rate declines more rapidly
India example of one
Death rate levels off
Population growth rapid but eventually begins to LEVEL OFF
Term
Demographic Transition Theory
Industrialization and Post-Industrialization
Definition
Birth and death rate stabilize at a low level
Population growth LOW
USA, Europe are examples
Term
How's Africa's fertility
Definition
really high rate of women born to each women
Term
Demographic Transition Theory
Definition
It seems correct that industrialization and urbanization > a move toward smaller families and so smaller birth and death rates
Term
Annual immigration into US
Definition
Immigration contributes over 2.25 million people to the U.S. population annually
Term
US Immigration
Definition
Every year we admit 1 million+ legal immigrants from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean;
Term
3 problems with immigration in the US
Definition
1) “deconcentration:” middle class flight > low tax base
2) relocation of manufacturing
3) financial problems
low tax base = infrastructure deterioration
Term
World Population problems
Definition
1. In many preindustrial nations nearly everyone is under 40 years old!
2. In Mexico 36% are under 15 years old! (22% in USA)
3. 3rd world population will INCREASE as the huge swell of youth reach childbearing age!
4. This produces a burdensome child-dependency ratio, the # of children that the adults must support.
AIDS > this problem
China’s “one-child” policy > this problem (in opposite direction)
Term
3 ways to fix population increase
Definition
. Lowered birth rates
Best solution
2. Increased death rates
Not moral
3. Migration
Term
The UN Proposal for Population Policies
Definition
GOAL: Stabilize world population @ 7.27 Billion by 2015
3 Means:
1. Family planning (education, contraceptives, country goals)
2. Primary health care for women which emphasizes the need to space pregnancies
3. Basic education for all girls by 2015 and enrollment for both sexes in secondary schools
Term
__% of humans now live in cities
Definition
50% of humans now live in cities
Term
Cities generate __% of earth’s carbon dioxide
Definition
Cities generate 80% of earth’s carbon dioxide
Term
___% of world’s poorest
Live in cities (1 billion)
Definition
75
Term
___% of city-dwellers in developing world
Live in slums (900 million)
Definition
70%
Term
mega cities
Definition
Tokyo, Japan (36,197,000)
= more people than Canada!
New York City , (29,700,000)
Mexico City (19,100,000)
Karachi, Pakistan (18,600,000)
Mumbai , India (18,100,000)
Delhi, India (18,050,000)
São Paulo, Brazil (17,900,000)
Shanghai, China (17,600,000)
Los Angeles, USA (17,500,000)
Term
__% of megacities are in developing world
Definition
75%
Term
__ of 20 most polluted global cities are in China
Definition
16
Term
globalization
Definition
increasing extensity of world interdependence; increasing intensity of world consciousness
Term
Positive benefits of globalization
Definition
• Travel
• Global trade
• Knowledge spreads
• Medical technology spreads
• Disaster relief
Term
Relativization
Definition
defined by a 2-fold difference in perception of one's tradition; diversity starts to make people feel:
○ Threatened
○ Insecure
Term
Relativization
Definition
Bringing many traditions together changes the way we think about our tradition; makes people feel threatened and insecure
Term
Negative Effects of globalization
Definition
• People often feel rootless
What people thought they were sure of they are now not sure of
• People often feel insecure and threatened
So many different aspects of culture and such that you want to seek tradition and solidity
Term
Reaction to insecurity from globalization
Definition
turn to religion; new social movements; upsurge in counseling; alarm and psychological maladies
Term
Reaction to feeling threatened by globalization
Definition
terrorism; paranoia
Term
Government Changes due to globalization
Definition
• Exclusive nation-state governance Countries should conform to certain standards or we will come change you
Democracy becomes global standard
International organizations
the state remains but status changes
less substate governance
Term
globalization's effect on religion
Definition
1 religion flourished 2. religion accomodates 3.religion becomes more controversial 4. religious terrorism
Term
challenges to religion today
Definition
1. toleration 2. privitization 3. pluralism
Term
Solution to challenges to religion
Definition
Freedom of religion must be regarded as an inalienable right
2. Religion must be regarded as a positive good
3. Religion must contribute to public life, but indirectly
Separation of church/state
4. The common good must be our goal, not our own advantage
5. We must grant to all others the rights we wish protected for ourselves
6. Persuasion is the only appropriate public strategy
Term
What is sexual orientation
Definition
Identity
Pattern of behavior
Pattern of arousal
Term
this has a strong correlation to homosexuality
Definition
gender nonconformity
Term
This is not likely to be a cause of homosexuality
Definition
Parenting differences small and may be reaction not a cause
Term
Alternative energy-
Definition
Anything that is not conventional
Term
US uses ____ of the world's energy
Definition
1/4
Term
two main sources of energy
Definition
Coal then Nuclear energy
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