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Final
Final
48
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2006

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
secularization
Definition
the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society & culture. (i.e. stores open on sundays, churches = more tolerant)
Term
components of the sick role
Definition
1) sick = deviant (can't perform roles expected of someone)
2) changes bt cultures
3) must be legitimated by doc.
4) responsibilities & privileges (ind isn't responsible, exempt from normal obligations, must try to get well, must seek help from a doc)
Term
problems with the sick role
Definition
1) not always temporary
2) works well for acute, not chronic
3) not always voluntary
Term
functionalist vs. conflict perspective on education
Definition
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Term
race vs. ethnicity
Definition
RACE: a social construct used to distinguish ppl in terms of one or more physical markers, usually w/ profound effects on their lives.
ETHNICITY: ppl whose perceived cultural markers are deemed socially significant. ethnic groups differ from one another in terms of language, religion, customs, values, ancestors, and the like.
Term
extended vs. traditional family
Definition
EXTENDED: expands the nuclear family "vertically" by adding another generation--1+ of the spouses' parents--to the household
TRADITIONAL: a nuclear family in which the husband works outside the home for money and the wife works for free in the home.
Term
nuclear family
Definition
consists of a cohabitating man and woman who maintain a socially approved sexual relationship and have at least one child.
Term
romantic qualities: dec. in importance over time vs. those that inc. over time
Definition
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Term
functional perspectives on family
Definition
1) socialization of members (respect authority, how to approach strangers, norms/customs/folkways)
2) regulations of sexual activity (might be diff 4 what media says is OK)
3) social placement (determines soc class we're in)
4) support system
5) reproduction
Term
conflict perspective on family
Definition
1) M/F feel forced/trapped into marriage
2) 2/3 of mid-class families are happy
3) men got edu/women got jobs...men b4 women in the workplace (soldiers)
4) many families are too poor to participate in a nuclear family
5) gender bias, patriarchal authority
Term
symbolic interactionist perspectives on family
Definition
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Term
functional perspectives on religion
Definition
1) social cohesion (brings ppl together WE/US)
2) social control (way society gets ppl to conform)
3) provides meaning, purpose, support
Term
conflict perspectives on religion
Definition
religion mean to create an illusion for the oppressed (for poor ppl [proletariat])
- there's always a better life around the corner
-helps target attn somewhere else
-gives hope, heart, spirit
-distraction from bad things happening
Term
sternberg's love triangle
Definition
1) INTIMACY (slow developing emotional bond [friendship], emotional intimacy)
2) PASSION (sexual attraction, instant development, declines over the yrs & eventually stables o/)
3) COMMITMENT (stable/dependable devotion, grows slowly over time through good/bad)

*tri diff for e/ person depending on what they expect
*having equilateral triangle isn't imp
*matching tri imp for healthy relationship
Term
negative consequences of medicalization
Definition
1) assumption of medical neutrality,
2) expert control (few ppl control),
3) individualization of social problems (ADHD: prob lies within kid, ignores big pix),
4) depoloticization of deviant behavior (treats physiology rather than politics),
5) dislocation of responsibility (used as excuse, gambled kids tuition away...not my fault, i have a disease")
Term
positive consequences of medicalization
Definition
ppl can get help (i.e. alcoholism, AA)
Term
dreptomania
Definition
when slaves ran away from slave master. symptoms: disobedience, disrepsect, refusal to work. cure: hard work, revitalizes brain, blood pump, straightens out slave
Term
dysaesthesia aethiopis
Definition
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Term
negritude
Definition
derived from leprocy. used as excuse for segregation. cure: when skin turns white.
Term
traditional authority
Definition
legitimized through tradition, usually based on religious doctrine, usually conservative/stable.
Term
legal-rational authority
Definition
legitimized through law. as long as authority follows laws in place, we give them authority (used in US)
Term
charismatic authority
Definition
legitimized through personality. ruler is superhuman and has divine powers. like jesus/buddha. when ruler dies, followers tend to get lost. breaks down after person dies and transforms into another authority
Term
totalitarian political system
Definition
1) doesn't tolerate opposition
2) massive & protective efforts to collect huge amts of info on populance
3) govt indoctrination begins @ early age & continues through life
(used in N. Korea)
Term
democratic political systems
Definition
1) power exercised by ppl as a whole
2) representative democracy (authority in the hands of the ppl)
3) recent, rare, fragile
4) usually parallel w/ industrialization
Term
conditions for successful democracy
Definition
1) advanced economic development (literate populace: able to rd. to vote)
2) strong middle class
3) restrains on gov't (limits execution of pow, constitution)
4) tolerance of dissent
5) access to info
6) diffusion of power (local, state, fed)
Term
fee for service
Definition
patients/payees billed individually for e/ service
Term
capitation
Definition
doctors paid @ fixed rate/mo/patient
Term
DRGs (diagnostically related groups)
Definition
fixed payments made based on patient's diagnosis
Term
primary labor market
Definition
mostly men, work in corporations, job security, good benefits, paid well
Term
secondary labor market
Definition
females and minority groups. no job security, little/no benefits, low paying jobs. mostly blacks and hispanics.
Term
tuskegee syphilis experiment
Definition
studied black men w/ syphilis, lied to them, non-therapeutic experiment to see what happens, aftermath: 25% died, 75% severe probs. MORAL: informed consent "it's OK to experiment on me"
Term
mere exposure effect
Definition
"we like things we see often", only if first encounter is good. moreland & beach experiment: girls same attraction, class.
Term
bridgewater study
Definition
effects of physiological stimulation on attraction: guys on treadmill heart rate up, one group sitting, treadmill guys think women are more attractive. MORAL: shows mislabeling of physiological arousal
Term
chronic disease
Definition
long-term, insidious onset, fluctuating course (good/bad days), uncertain outcome, common in older age. (lymphoma)
Term
acute disease
Definition
short-term illnesses that strike suddenly & cause ppl to be incapacitated in some form, common in young ppl (cold, influenza)
Term
critique of sick role
Definition
not always temporary, works for acute not chronic (lung cancer: your fault, don't smoke), not always voluntary
Term
who's healthier? men or women?
Definition
depends on how health is defined. F: healthy in long-term (life expectancy), more likely to have chronic illnesses. M: problem solver/don't ask for help, less likely to ask for help
Term
sacred vs. profane
Definition
SACRED: aspects of life considered extraordinary or supernatural
PROFANE: everyday, secular, or "worldly" aspects of life
**basis of religion is based on the division of sacred & profane
Term
rituals vs. everyday practice
Definition
RITUALS: it's how you do it that matters (crossing oneself)
EVERYDAY PRACTICE: doesn't matter how you do it, as long as it gets done (brushing teeth)
Term
hunter/gatherer & agrarian societies compared to industrial societies (general concepts)
Definition
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Term
fundamental cause of disease
Definition
lack of exercise, eating habits, and stress. med ppl look for cure (diet, etc). sociologists perspective: social conditions are the fund cause of disease. rich ppl = racquetball = exercise. single ma = working = no time. access to resources: time/money
Term
matriarchy vs. patriarchy
Definition
MATRIARCHY: authority in mother/women.
PATRIARCHY: authority in father/men.
Term
latent functions of schooling
Definition
1) encourage development of a separate youth culture that often conflicts w/ parents' values
2) educational institutions bring potential mates together, "marriage market"
3) kids under surveillance for much of the day freeing 'rents to work in labor force
4) encourage critical thinking, challenge authoritairan regimes and promote social change
Term
studies of physical attraction
Definition
good looking people are liked more and given the benefit of the doubt. attractive ppl get more help, cooperation. cognitive dissidence (why help? bc you like them). telephone study, classroom study
Term
thomas szasz critique of mental illness
Definition
1) just bc a drug stops something, doesn't mean it's a disease
2) behavioral symptoms shouldn't be confused w/ physiological symptoms
3) as in brain activity, but doesn't provide argument for disease
Term
credentialism
Definition
refers to the fact that it takes ever more certificates and diplomas to qualify for a given job
Term
tracking
Definition
involves sorting students into high-ability, middle-ability, and low-ability classes based on the results of IQ and other tests
Term
hidden curriculum
Definition
teaches students what will be expected of them as conventionally good citizens once they leave school
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