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final
tough stuff
40
Sociology
Not Applicable
05/05/2004

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
social inequality
Definition
condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, and power.
Term
stratification
Definition
a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society.
Term
ascribed status
Definition
a social position assigned to a person by society withour reguard for the person's unique talents or characteristics.
Term
achieved status
Definition
a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
Term
castes
Definition
hereditary systems of rank usually religiously dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile.
Term
social classes
Definition
a class system is a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility.
Term
capitalism
Definition
an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
Term
bourgeoisie
Definition
karl marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production.
Term
proletariat
Definition
karl marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society.
Term
false consciousness
Definition
an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately refect its objective position.
Term
prestige
Definition
the respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society.
Term
esteem
Definition
the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation.
Term
multiple measures
Definition
many ways to measure social class.
Term
absolute poverty
Definition
refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below.
Term
relative poverty
Definition
floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole.
Term
underclass
Definition
long-term poor people who lack training and skills
Term
life chances
Definition
people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences.
Term
social mobility
Definition
movement of individuals or groups from one position of a society's stratification system to another.
Term
open class system
Definition
the position of each individual is influenced by the person's achieved status. encourages competition.
Term
closed class system
Definition
little or no possibility of moving upward in society.
Term
horizontal mobility
Definition
moving from one social position to another of the same rank.
Term
vertical mobility
Definition
movement from one social position to another of a different rank
Term
intergeneration mobility
Definition
changes in the social position of children relative to their parents.
Term
intrageneration mobility
Definition
change in social position within a person's adult life.
Term
globalization
Definition
the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
Term
multinational corporations
Definition
commercial organizations that are headquartered in on country and do business throughout the world.
Term
racial group
Definition
a group that is set apart based on obvious physical differences.
Term
ethnic group
Definition
a group that is set apart based on national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
Term
social construction of race
Definition
the process by which people come to define a group as a race.
Term
stereotypes
Definition
unreliable generalizations about all members of a group.
Term
ethnicity
Definition
physical differences are more noticeable than ethnic differences ethnic stratification can change more readily than racial stratification because racial stratification is based on physical appearance, which is more noticeable.
Term
discrimination
Definition
the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias.
Term
glass ceiling
Definition
refers to an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity.
Term
institutional discrimination
Definition
the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.
Term
affirmative action
Definition
positive efforts to recruit minority members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.
Term
assimilation
Definition
the process by which a person for sakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
Term
segregation
Definition
the physical seperation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events.
Term
model minorities
Definition
groups that succeed economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to confrontations with Whites.
Term
darendorf
Definition
potential for conflict is present whenever some have authority or control and others are subject to it.
Term
ageism
Definition
prejudices and discrimination based on age.
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