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| Launching point for womens rights movement. elizabeth cady stanton and susan b anthony organize for rights used abolitionist movement to further their goals. they were discontented with the 15th amendment because black men could vote but not women. women continue to struggle from 1870-1920 until the 19th amedment is passed allowing women to vote. |
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| Louisianna state law required different areas on trains for blacks and whites. a group of northerners thought law violated 14th amednemt of equal protection so they found a young man named homer plessy who appeared white but was black cause his grandma was black. plessy boards the train in louisianna and sits in white section. he is arrested when he refuses to move and is taken to local judge, fergusen. the case is appealed to the supreme court in 1896. the northern backers thought that the court would rule in favor of plessy but court ruled in favor of Fergusen cause they said law could stand if white and black cars were seperate but equal and that seperation does not reach the standard of descrimination. this started the rationalization for segregation of "seperate but equal" and allows segregation in the entire country |
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| created by the legal defence fund of the NAACP (National association for the advancement of colored people)an approach to overturn plessy v. fergusen by making "seperate but equal work" by showing that they are seperate but not at all equal through a series of court cases. |
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| young black attourney who argued for the cases of several black men who applied to law school but were denied admittence in order to help the NAACp's legal defense fund. his most famous case was brown v. board of education. he won 29 out of 32 cases he argued for. |
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| Brown V. board of education |
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| lynda brown or kansas ( a black girl) cant go to white school down the street so she must go far away across town. thurgood marshall argues in this case which is accompanied by similar companion cases. a number of people write amicus briefs (friend of the court briefs) to submit their opinions and perspectives on cases. the court gets an amicus brief from president harry truman in favor of overturning plessy v. fergusen. marshall argues a sociology experiment's results with black children thinking black dolls are bad and white dolls are good and that that causes a damaging perception. ruled that seperate but equal is enherently unequal and causes an inferiority complex. eisenhower desegregates public schools. most significant civil rights case in this country. |
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| wont sit on back of bus in alabama and is arrested which causes a boycott of the bus system in montgomery alabama and sparks protest by matrin luther king juior and basically starts civil rights movement in the late 1960s |
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| The Court ruled against a procedure used by the company when selecting employees for internal transfer and promotion to certain positions. substantial case because it set a standard called "job relatedness" which implies that whatever measures used to hire or promote must be related to conditions of employment. second thing is di was change the "burden of proof" now the courts must assume discrimination and the companies must proove they arent instead of the other way around. |
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| was a social activist, and a leading figure of the early women's rights movement in the United States. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was also active in the anti-slavery Abolitionist movement. first president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. |
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| bars descrimination from employment and allows legalization of desegregation and desegregates schools. |
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| allows women a right to an abortion in the first trimester but in the third trimester the state outlaws her decision. |
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| ruled that the decision to have or not to have a child was a fundamental right people had centered around privacy. privacy exists in pneumbras (rights that exist in the shadow of other rights that are more explicitly stated) |
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| most important person and next to be president after the vice president one of the most powerful people in DC. official spokesperson of the house. enourmous power and control over legislation and runs the rules committee so makes pretty much whatever rules they want. used to have absoulte control but after progressive era they took away the speakers power of appointments. |
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| majority leader of the senate |
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| similar power to speaker of house but less disiplined. authority to set debate limits and procedures but alot of their power comes from personality and ability to persuade |
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| originally the decision was to frm committees only when needed(ad hoc) once work was done the committee disolved. but once work became more it was harder to create committees and easier to leave them in place. establish and leave in place 4 kinds of committees. all committees have subcomittees. there are around 140 sub committees each standing committee has around 7 sub committees. the sub committees have subcomittees. the sub committees deal with an ussue of the main issue of the standing committee. |
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| permanent committee all legislation must go through |
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| temporary committes to work on particular issues |
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| made up of members of both house and senate to work on broader issues such as economy |
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| made up on members of both house and senate used to reconcile the differences between two bills on the same topic that came from different houses. they reconcile bills (make them one) if bill is reconciled then it goes back to both houses to be voted on. |
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| establishes agenda and can sit on any cmmittee and sub committee and determines who sits on conference committees can set the time and place for meetings and can adjourn meeting (absoulte control pretty much) |
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| a public office of sufficiently high rank that it provides the holder with an opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter; "the American presidency is a bully pulpit". It is thought of as an executive check on legislative powers. |
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| very important but dont have to meet any standards and serve at the pleasure of their cogress person. about 12500 staff members for house. about 7200 staff members for senate. staff services the congress person and the constituancy. |
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things that influence a congress person:
1) political parties(supposed to support bills from your party)
2)other members (can trade votes with them)
3)member of staff (collects dats and writes drafts so has impact on perception)
4)interest groups and lobbyests (provide material and research)
5)constituency
6) president (can veto bills)
balancing all areas of influence (wind) can be difficult |
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| How to pass a bill (textbook way) |
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Definition
1)member comes up with a bill
2)sent to clerk of chamber who gives it a number
3)bill sen to subcommitte members and given hearings then revisions and either approved or rejected (if rejected ever it dies)
4)goes to standing committee
5)sent to floor for vote
6)sent to a calender
-union calender: any revenue bill
-house calender: most legislation w/ out financial impact
-private calendar: effects on district of state
-consent calender: noncontroversial bills
-discharge calender: enugh votes forces onto floor for vote
7)vote on bill
8)bill goes to president who can sign not sign or veto
9)if vetoed congress can overturn wth 2/3 vote in both houses |
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| How to pass a bill (real way) |
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| basically the same however most legislation comes out of the white house and is assigned a member of congress who pretends to be the author "carries the bill". if the presidents bill goes to a congress of the same party it has a fairly east time passing if the congress is the opposite party it has a hard time passing. if the bill seems in trouble then they yank it out of the process and talk to the people with the problem and compromise. |
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| limited the president to 2 terms in office |
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| the president must be charged with high crimes and convicted which happens in the house of reps' judiciary committee. they conduct hearings and mome up with charges (articles of impeachemnt) house votes on simple majority on all charges once they vote yes for one then the orricial is impeached and sent to senate for trial. it takes a 2/3 vote in senate to remove someone from office. senate acts as jury and house judiciary acts as prosecuting attourneys. chief justice of supreme court presides over trial but doesnt really rule o anoything. the jury asks questions and decieds about evidence and testimony. if found guilty you are removed from office. |
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| specific powers of the president |
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1)veto-hardly ever overturned
2)appoint members of supreme court amabssadors attourney generals etc...
3)grants pardons
4)grant amnesty
5)convene congress
6)make treaties but takes senate conformation at 2/3 vote
7)must make state of union adress to congress
8)power as commander in chief of the military power to commit the country to war (now w/ out congressional approval) |
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| limits the power of the president to commit troops to battle within a specified period of time. the president must take justifications to congress to congress and congress can or can not approve by simple majority. (no congress have ever not approved) congress overrode the veto on this bill. |
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| Established the basic three tiered structure f the federal court system w/ one district court in each state |
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| clarifies an ambiguous provision of the Constitution regarding succession to the Presidency, and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. |
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