Failed states: 

States that attempted democracy but failed. Also a failure of state to use monopoly of power in terms of force.

            EX: Often newly independent, post colonial countries

            EX: They are the consequences of intrastate conflicts( occurring within

 boundaries of single         state).

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs):

Nongovernmental organizations. They aren’t affiliated with any local, state, or government

            Ex: These companies stay up because of hardships of the world. Red cross,

 UNICEF

            EX: They say they’re not political, but they have to be because as soon as they

 help out something and fix a problem, they don’t have anything else to fix and go

 out of business.

North/South Korea: 

Political, diplomatic and military interactions between North and South Korea.

Rationality

Decision making based on informed cost-benefit analysis.

EX: Relates to deterrence because it assumes decision makers are rational and able to make            comparisons among the possible options and rank them.

Compellence

A strategy that attempts to force an adversary to reverse some action that has already been taken.

            EX: Cuban Missile Crisis. United states persuaded Soviets to withdraw missiles

 from Cuba.

            EX: Compellence failure when US tired to persuade Iran and Sadaam Hussein to

 relinquish Iraqi WMD program following Gulf war. 

Deterrence: 

The attempt to prevent war by discouraging a potential aggressor.

EX: Primary goal is to convince the challenger that the cost outweighs the

 benefits

            EX: Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Palestine was crushed. Deterrence

used by string to prevent weak from trying to overthrow and establish order. 

Populism: 

Political doctrine where one sides with the people against the elites.

EX: Not Syria, when the Euros left they left all the power in the hands of the Alawi musliums, the small percentage of population.

EX: Populism has recently been reappearing on the left with promises of far-reaching socialist changes as seen in Venezuela under Hugo Chávez.

Intergovernmental organization whose aims are promoting cooperation and facilitation of international law, international security, econ development, social progress, human & civil rights, democracy.

            EX: Out break in Sierra Leone in March of this year example of how UN

 successfully interfered.

            EX: UN interfered and worked with other countries in order to deal with the

 chemical weapons taking place in Syria. 

General agree on tarrifs and trade.

            EX: free zone in Jamaica. They don’t go through tariffs or risk because they are

 soley there to provide jobs and profit.

            EX: WTO trading within countries.

all values/beliefs are same wherever you go

Ex: (McDonalds) Goes along with Globalization because ideas and

 services/beliefs are being spread throughout the world.

EX: English has become the international language 

emergence of people asserting values and beliefs

            Ex: Clash of Civilizations. Huntington said world was conflicted by religions

            EX: In Egypt, people are asserting their wants for a new election demanding that

they want a leader who will demonstrate democracy. 

Security dilemma/ Prisoner’s Dilemma/Stag’s Hunt Dilemma: 

Prisoners: bind to cooperation, all get a woman. Rational actors aren’t able to coop mostly

            Security: when distrust runs high between states when each seeks to increase its

 defensive capabilities, other sees it as a threat, creating an arms race.

            Stags: If all agree to cooperate, they will get a stag, but if 1 person wants to get

 rabbit, they don’t get stag. (cooperation is flimsy/weak)

Government ruled by or subject to religious authority

            EX: Egypt and muslim brotherhood- cant reach a democracy

            EX: Taliban 

Colonialism: 

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

EX: The British were the greatest colonizing power. The United States was a British colony.

EX: Interchangeable with Imperialism in the way that the state controls the people. 

Imperialism:

Superior-inferior relationship. State controls people and territory of another area.

            EX: WW2 Germany takes over Poland and Czech

            EX: British colonies (Africa, USA)

The ratio of export process to import prices

            EX: Dependency theorists contend that prices of primary goods tend to decline

 over the long run relative to the price of manufactured goods.

            EX:The terms of trade may be influenced by the exchange rate because a rise in

 the value of a country's currency lowers the domestic prices of its imports but

 may not directly affect the prices of the commodities it exports.

International financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs.

EX: Jamaica economy

            EX: After Haiti was hit by the earthquake; the World Bank gave a loan to help

 restore country.

Application, often under some duress from IMF, World Bank, or US, of strict economic reforms rooted in liberal assumptions of the requirements of development.

            EX: They were intended to lower governments’ debt by reducing their

 expenditures

            EX: World bank shifted from emphasis on development projects to managing

 LDC’s debts,             lending them funds and insisting on major economic reforms

which range from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015

            EX: Each goal represents a form of development in itself, but also reps a

 requirement for broader development

pleged US military and economic aid to countries to resist communism

            EX:Increased American aid helped defeat the KKE in Greece

            EX:the U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief

 control of the Dardanelles. Turkey received $100 million in economic and

 military aid

policy that the United States had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups.

            EX: invasion of Afghanistan

            EX: Relates to security because the UN can step in and take action 

keeping other nations from using biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons.

            EX: Syria conflict

            EX: US is losing hegemonic state

Variables –independent/dependent/necessary and sufficient/

Independent: Outcomes we can control and contribute to explanation

            Dependent: cant control the outcome. That which is acted upon

            Necessary/Sufficient: Factors that are adequate determining a specific outcome

Zero-sum: 

Ones entity’s loss is anothers gain and vice versa     

            EX: USSR fell in 1991- US became hegemonic country

            EX: 

a love of, and pride in ones nation. The belief that the nation is superior in its rights & privileges

EX: Bush doctrine- we have right to take action with terrorist groups to protect country

            EX: Subnational groups

states that world politics is driven by self-interests

EX: Iraq-Kuwait war was driven on the self-interests of Iraq to pay off their debts from their previous war by invading Kuwait for their oil.

EX: Hitler took over much of western Europe for his self interests of becoming a world superpower.

State made up of different actors. Power is variable sum. Ideas are influential.

EX: Syria is in a civil war that is divided in to 2 groups: Aliwi Muslims and the Sunni rebels. Aliwi’s hold dictatorship

EX: In Nigeria, oil companies have the power, but the civilian rebels also have the power. They are blowing up pipelines and the oil companies will give them contracts to stop (money).