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Final Vocab
for sophomore final
116
Chemistry
10th Grade
05/30/2013
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Term
Chemestry
 Definition
study of matter and changes
Term
Physical Property
 Definition
no change to substance material
Term
Chemical Property
 Definition
chemical change
Term
Physical Change
 Definition
no new chemical
Term
Chemical Change
 Definition
New chemical
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
 Definition
same composition not easly seperated
Term
Heterogenious Mixture
 Definition
not uniform, seperated
Term
Product
 Definition
the yeild
Term
Reactant
 Definition
substance at start
Term
Element
 Definition
cannot be broken down
Term
compound
 Definition
two or more elements
Term
state of matter
 Definition
phase at given point
Term
solid
 Definition
definate shape and volume
Term
liquid
 Definition
fixed volume, indefinate shape
Term
gas
 Definition
no definate shape or volume
Term
vapor
 Definition
gashous state, liquid or solid @ room temp
Term
phase
 Definition
uniform composition and properties
Term
sig fig
 Definition
digets known precisely
Term
SI units
 Definition
standard units
Term
kelvin
 Definition
SI for temp
Term
density
 Definition
d=m/v
Term
accuracy
 Definition
closeness to true value being mesured
Term
presicion
 Definition
closeness or reproducibility under same conditions
Term
conservation of mass
 Definition
matter not created or destroyed
Term
proton
 Definition
positive in nucleus
Term
neutron
 Definition
no charge in nucleus
Term
electron
 Definition
negetive charge no mass
Term
subatomic particle
 Definition
protron nutron electron
Term
nucleus
 Definition
center of atom
Term
atom
 Definition
smallest particle of element
Term
daltons atomic theory
 Definition
chemical change to atomic level
Term
rutherford theory
 Definition
structure of atom
Term
atomic number
 Definition
number of protons
Term
mass number
 Definition
amount of protons and nutrons
Term
atomic mass unit
 Definition
SI for atomic mass
Term
atomic mass
 Definition
average weight of all isitopes
Term
isoptope
 Definition
different weights because different # nutrons
Term
avogadros number
 Definition
6.02*10^23 particles in one mole
Term
valance electrons
 Definition
electron in highest enegry level
Term
aufbau principle
 Definition
electrons ocupy lowest level first
Term
hunds rule
 Definition
spread out electrons
Term
octet rule
 Definition
noble gas config = 8 valance
Term
group
 Definition
vertical columb
Term
period
 Definition
horisontal columb
Term
diatomic element
 Definition
element that has 2 atoms
Term
mendeleev
 Definition
increasing atomic mass
Term
metal
 Definition
good conductor of electricity
Term
nonmetal
 Definition
poor conductor of electricity
Term
transition metal
 Definition
highest occupied s sublevel and d sublevel
Term
metalloid
 Definition
prop of both metal and nonmetal
Term
ion
 Definition
group of atoms have positive or negative
Term
anion
 Definition
negative charge
Term
cation
 Definition
positive charge
Term
polyatomic ion
 Definition
group of atoms has + or -
Term
electonegativity
 Definition
attract electrons when in compound
Term
atomic radius
 Definition
1/2 distance from nuclei to nuclei  of same atom when joined
Term
octet rule
 Definition
gain or lose electrons to be noble gas
Term
valence electron
 Definition
highest enegry level in atom
Term
electron dot diagram
 Definition
structure with dots and lines
Term
lewis structure
 Definition
eleccyton dot diagram
Term
ionic bond
 Definition
opposite charge together
Term
covalent
 Definition
sharing electrons
Term
polar
 Definition
one side more charged
Term
non-polar
 Definition
equal charge throughout
Term
metallic bond
 Definition

holds metals tohether

floating valance electrons
Term
double bond
 Definition
tow atoms share two pairs of electrons
Term
structural formula
 Definition
skeleton structure
Term
intermolecular forces
 Definition
forces between molicules
Term
dipole dipole forces
 Definition
oppesetly charged polar molicules
Term
hydrogen bonding
 Definition
hydrogen bonds to electronegetive atom
Term
resonance
 Definition
electon dot strructuer that is equal
Term
vsepr theory
 Definition
shape of molicule ie bent line
Term
law of definite proportion
 Definition
mass of compounds always proportional
Term
balanced equation
 Definition
equal elements on both sides
Term
single replacement
 Definition
one element replaces element in compound
Term
double replacement
 Definition
two compounds
Term
synthesis
 Definition
new substance
Term
decomp reaction
 Definition
compound to two or more compounds
Term
combustion reaction
 Definition
reacts with oxygen
Term
precent composition
 Definition
precent by mass of each element in compound
Term
reactant
 Definition
start of reaction
Term
product
 Definition
produced
Term
mole
 Definition
6.02*10^23 particles of substance
Term
molar mass
 Definition
mass of one mole of element
Term
theoretical yeild
 Definition
amount that could form
Term
precent yeild
 Definition
acutual/theoretical
Term
ideal gas law
 Definition
PV=nRT
Term
boyles law
 Definition
PV=PV
Term
charles law
 Definition
P/T=P/T
Term
gay lussac law
 Definition
P/T=P/T
Term
combined gas law
 Definition
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
Term
molar volume
 Definition
22.4 L
Term
dalton law
 Definition
Pt=P1+P2
Term
kinetic molecular theory
 Definition
random, elastic, constant, insignificant mass
Term
pressure
 Definition
760torr=1atm=101.3KpA
Term
sublimation
 Definition
skip a stage of matter
Term
vaporization
 Definition
liquid to gas vapor
Term
condensation
 Definition
gas to liquid
Term
boiling point
 Definition
pressure of substance equals air pressure
Term
normal boling point
 Definition

pressure = STP

100 centigrade
Term
melting point
 Definition
0 celcius 32 ferenheight
Term
evaporation
 Definition
liquid to gas not in container
Term
phase diagram
 Definition
showing conditions for different phases
Term
vapor pressure
 Definition
gas above liquids pressure
Term
kinetic enegry
 Definition
motion
Term
potental enegry
 Definition
possible to occur
Term
electrolyte
 Definition
compound that can conduct electric current
Term
solution
 Definition
homogenious mixture
Term
solubility
 Definition
solute/solvent
Term
solute
 Definition
chemical dissolved
Term
solvent
 Definition
chemical doing dissolving
Term
molarity
 Definition
moles of solute/ litres of solution
Term
aqueous
 Definition
liquid state
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