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Final Test: 3
Test 3 Review (Final Test For Me)
77
Astronomy
Undergraduate 2
03/13/2013

Additional Astronomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The force of gravity acts to make the star
Definition
smaller.
Term
After hydrogen fusion stops in the core of a star
Definition
the core heats and the star as a whole expands.
Term

After the Sun’s core hydrogen is depleted by nuclear fusion, 

Definition
the core will consist primarily of helium.
Term

As a one-solar mass star evolves into a red giant, 

Definition
its luminosity increases while its surface temperature decreases.
Term
After a star has again evolved into a red giant, 
Definition
 hydrogen burning happens only in shells outside the core of the star
Term

When a star becomes a red giant it becomes brighter because 

Definition
it is increasing in size. 
Term

The event that marks the end of a star’s evolutionary life just before 

Definition
becoming a white dwarf is a planetary nebula. 
Term

The source of pressure that makes a white dwarf stable is

Definition
 electron degeneracy.
Term

In a white dwarf the mass of the sun is packed into the volume of a planet the size of 

Definition
Earth.
Term

Which of these stars will end its main sequence lifetime most rapidly? 

Definition
A very massive star, since more massive stars consume their hydrogen more rapidly. 
Term

Astronomers determine the age of star clusters by observing the luminosity of stars 

Definition
at the main sequence turn-off point.
Term

Which of the following stars is probably the oldest? 

Definition
1 solar mass white dwarf
Term

In a young star cluster, when more massive stars are evolving into red giants, 

Definition
the least massive stars are barely starting to fuse Hydrogen. 
Term

If one star of a binary fills its Roche lobe and its spilling matter onto the other, 

Definition
the system is a mass-transfer binary. 
Term

A star will spend most of its shining lifetime in 

Definition
the main sequence
Term
As stars shine during their main sequence lifetime, 
Definition
it does not change.
Term

What inevitably forces a star like the sun to evolve away from being a main sequence star? 

Definition
Helium builds up in the core while the hydrogen burning shell expands.
Term

In the evolution of massive stars, what is the significance of the temperature 600 million K? 

Definition
It is the temperature needed for carbon to fuse.
Term

Stars like our Sun will end their lives as 

Definition
white dwarfs.
Term

A _______ is a relatively gentle mass loss event which allows a star to peacefully readjust its structure into a white dwarf configuration. 

Definition
Planetary nebula.
Term

Elements heavier than Hydrogen and helium were created by 

Definition
nucleosynthesis in massive stars and supernova. 
Term

The helium flash occurs in the 

Definition
red giant stage. 
Term

Stars like our Sun gradually lose mass as they become white dwarfs 

Definition
during the planetary nebula stage. 
Term

Astronomers determine the age of star clusters by observing the 

Definition
luminosity of stars at the main sequence. 
Term

IF AN INTERSTELLAR CLOUD CONTRACTS TO BECOME A STAR, IT IS DUE TO WHICH FORCE: 

Definition
gravitational attraction
Term

The factors that tend to hinder the collapsing of a gas cloud are:

Definition
the magnetic field of the cloud, heat in gas and rotation of the cloud.
Term

How do single stars form within huge clouds of interstellar gas and dust? 

 

Definition
Clouds fragments into smaller objects forming many stars at once
Term

 Our sun, along with most stars in the neighborhood probably formed about 

Definition
several billion years ago.
Term

 In the collapsing cloud fragment stage of star formation the size of the cloud fragment is about: 

Definition
100 times the size of the solar system.
Term

 What is the key factor that determines the temperature, radius, density, luminosity, and pace of evolution of a protostar? 

Definition
Mass of the cloud
Term

 

 A cloud fragment too small to form a star becomes: 

Definition
a brown dwarf
Term

  As a protostar first beings to condense form dust and gas clouds, it emits light primarily in what wavelength regime? 

Definition
Infrared
Term

Evidence for an association between interstellar dust and star formation comes from 

Definition
dark clouds that dim the light from background stars and stars that appear to be redder than expected from their spectral type
Term

We know that low mass protostars have strong stellar winds because 

Definition
 protostars have gas jets that drive massive outflows
Term

The nebulae around T Tauri stars are shaped into disks because of the same process that causes 

Definition
dough to become flat when it is spun in the air like pizza dough
Term

What makes star clusters almost ideal laboratories for studying stars?

Definition
 Stars in a cluster have the same age, similar composition, and are approx.. the same distance from us.
Term

What is a T-Tauri star?

Definition
A protostar about to become a star
Term

Objects more massive than our Sun form into stars much faster,  

Definition
over tens of thousands of years.
Term

Stars are often born within groups known as 

Definition
clusters
Term

All stars in a stellar cluster have roughly the same _______ with respect to the Sun? 

Definition
Distance
Term

Very young stars in small clusters of 10-100 members are known as 

Definition
OB associations
Term

Globular clusters are typically observed above or below the plane 

Definition
of our galaxy. 
Term

Stars in cluster and associations have about the same  

Definition
age.
Term

A key feature of globular clusters is that they have the 

Definition
oldest stars in our Galaxy.
Term

If an interstellar cloud contracts to become a star, it is due to which force? 

Definition
Gravitational 
Term
A star spends most of its life:


Definition
as a main sequence star.
Term
The order of evolutionary stages of a star like the Sun would be Main Sequence, giant, planetary nebula, and finally:
Definition
white dwarf
Term
What is a typical age for a globular cluster?
Definition
12 billion years
Term
What spectral type of star that is still around (not in a binary system) formed most recently?
Definition
O
Term
Just as a low-mass main sequence star runs out of fuel in its core, it actually becomes brighter. How is this possible?
Definition
The core contracts, raising the core temperature and increasing the size of the shell of hydrogen burning.
Term
Which of these will the Sun probably become in the very distant future?
Definition
Planetary Nebula
Term
What characteristic of a star cluster is used to determine its age?
Definition
 the main sequence turnoff
Term

What is the most important property of a star that determines how it will evolve and die? 

Definition
Mass
Term

What is the temperature hydrogen needs to turn into helium? 

Definition
10,000 K.
Term

 A nova involves: 

Definition
mass transfer onto a white dwarf in a binary star system. Our sun is never in this position; however, it will become a white dwarf one day
Term

An iron core cannot support a star because: 

Definition
iron can’t fuse with other nuclei to form energy
Term

Most of the energy of a supernova is carried outward via a flood of 

Definition
neutrinos 
Term

What is the Chandrasekhar limit? 

Definition
1.4 solar masses
Term

What type of supernova results from carbon detonation involving a white dwarf gaining mass and exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit? 

Definition
Type 1 Super Nova
Term

Many millisecond pulsars lie within 

Definition
globular cluster
Term

One possible explanation for a gamma-ray burster is collision of neutron stars 

Definition
in a binary system 
Term
In comparing the distribution of the X-ray and gammy-ray bursts, we find that gamma-ray bursts are 
Definition
far beyond our Galaxy 
Term

What kind of remnant disappears from the directly observable universe? 

Definition
Black Hole
Term

The region around a black hole from which no radiation can escape is called 

Definition
the event horizon 
Term
The event horizon of a black hole is measured by
Definition
the Schwazred radius
Term

What explanation does general relativity provide for gravity? 

Definition
gravity is a result of curved space time. 
Term

The force of gravity can pull on a beam of 

Definition
light, massive objects, neutrinos, antimatter
Term

If the sun was replaced by a one-solar mass black hole Earth’s orbit 

Definition
would not change
Term

Cygnus X-1 is a likely 

 

Definition
black hole binary star system
Term

Some examples of which type of during star exhibit rapid pulses that were originally suspected to be communications from extraterrestrials? 

Definition
Nuetron star
Term

The average density of neutron stars approaches about 10^17 kg/m^3, 

Definition
similar to the density of atomic nuclei. 
Term

. Pulsars usually show all of the following except 

Definition
high temperature fusion reactions.
Term

The lighthouse model explain a rotating neutron star generates an 

Definition
observable beam of light
Term

Many millisecond pulsars lie within 

Definition
globular clusters
Term

What is the final fate of the most massive stars? 

 

Definition
Black holes
Term

 The event horizon of a black hole is measured by 

Definition
the Schwarzchild radius
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