Term
The force of gravity acts to make the star |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After hydrogen fusion stops in the core of a star |
|
Definition
the core heats and the star as a whole expands. |
|
|
Term
After the Sun’s core hydrogen is depleted by nuclear fusion,
|
|
Definition
the core will consist primarily of helium. |
|
|
Term
As a one-solar mass star evolves into a red giant, |
|
Definition
its luminosity increases while its surface temperature decreases. |
|
|
Term
After a star has again evolved into a red giant, |
|
Definition
hydrogen burning happens only in shells outside the core of the star |
|
|
Term
When a star becomes a red giant it becomes brighter because |
|
Definition
it is increasing in size. |
|
|
Term
The event that marks the end of a star’s evolutionary life just before |
|
Definition
becoming a white dwarf is a planetary nebula. |
|
|
Term
The source of pressure that makes a white dwarf stable is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a white dwarf the mass of the sun is packed into the volume of a planet the size of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these stars will end its main sequence lifetime most rapidly? |
|
Definition
A very massive star, since more massive stars consume their hydrogen more rapidly. |
|
|
Term
Astronomers determine the age of star clusters by observing the luminosity of stars
|
|
Definition
at the main sequence turn-off point. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following stars is probably the oldest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a young star cluster, when more massive stars are evolving into red giants, |
|
Definition
the least massive stars are barely starting to fuse Hydrogen. |
|
|
Term
If one star of a binary fills its Roche lobe and its spilling matter onto the other, |
|
Definition
the system is a mass-transfer binary. |
|
|
Term
A star will spend most of its shining lifetime in
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As stars shine during their main sequence lifetime, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What inevitably forces a star like the sun to evolve away from being a main sequence star? |
|
Definition
Helium builds up in the core while the hydrogen burning shell expands. |
|
|
Term
In the evolution of massive stars, what is the significance of the temperature 600 million K? |
|
Definition
It is the temperature needed for carbon to fuse. |
|
|
Term
Stars like our Sun will end their lives as
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A _______ is a relatively gentle mass loss event which allows a star to peacefully readjust its structure into a white dwarf configuration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Elements heavier than Hydrogen and helium were created by |
|
Definition
nucleosynthesis in massive stars and supernova. |
|
|
Term
The helium flash occurs in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stars like our Sun gradually lose mass as they become white dwarfs |
|
Definition
during the planetary nebula stage. |
|
|
Term
Astronomers determine the age of star clusters by observing the |
|
Definition
luminosity of stars at the main sequence. |
|
|
Term
IF AN INTERSTELLAR CLOUD CONTRACTS TO BECOME A STAR, IT IS DUE TO WHICH FORCE:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The factors that tend to hinder the collapsing of a gas cloud are:
|
|
Definition
the magnetic field of the cloud, heat in gas and rotation of the cloud. |
|
|
Term
How do single stars form within huge clouds of interstellar gas and dust?
|
|
Definition
Clouds fragments into smaller objects forming many stars at once |
|
|
Term
Our sun, along with most stars in the neighborhood probably formed about
|
|
Definition
several billion years ago. |
|
|
Term
In the collapsing cloud fragment stage of star formation the size of the cloud fragment is about:
|
|
Definition
100 times the size of the solar system. |
|
|
Term
What is the key factor that determines the temperature, radius, density, luminosity, and pace of evolution of a protostar?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A cloud fragment too small to form a star becomes:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As a protostar first beings to condense form dust and gas clouds, it emits light primarily in what wavelength regime?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Evidence for an association between interstellar dust and star formation comes from
|
|
Definition
dark clouds that dim the light from background stars and stars that appear to be redder than expected from their spectral type |
|
|
Term
We know that low mass protostars have strong stellar winds because |
|
Definition
protostars have gas jets that drive massive outflows |
|
|
Term
The nebulae around T Tauri stars are shaped into disks because of the same process that causes |
|
Definition
dough to become flat when it is spun in the air like pizza dough |
|
|
Term
What makes star clusters almost ideal laboratories for studying stars? |
|
Definition
Stars in a cluster have the same age, similar composition, and are approx.. the same distance from us. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A protostar about to become a star |
|
|
Term
Objects more massive than our Sun form into stars much faster, |
|
Definition
over tens of thousands of years. |
|
|
Term
Stars are often born within groups known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All stars in a stellar cluster have roughly the same _______ with respect to the Sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Very young stars in small clusters of 10-100 members are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Globular clusters are typically observed above or below the plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stars in cluster and associations have about the same
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A key feature of globular clusters is that they have the |
|
Definition
oldest stars in our Galaxy. |
|
|
Term
If an interstellar cloud contracts to become a star, it is due to which force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A star spends most of its life:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The order of evolutionary stages of a star like the Sun would be Main Sequence, giant, planetary nebula, and finally: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a typical age for a globular cluster? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What spectral type of star that is still around (not in a binary system) formed most recently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Just as a low-mass main sequence star runs out of fuel in its core, it actually becomes brighter. How is this possible? |
|
Definition
The core contracts, raising the core temperature and increasing the size of the shell of hydrogen burning. |
|
|
Term
Which of these will the Sun probably become in the very distant future? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What characteristic of a star cluster is used to determine its age? |
|
Definition
the main sequence turnoff |
|
|
Term
What is the most important property of a star that determines how it will evolve and die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the temperature hydrogen needs to turn into helium?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mass transfer onto a white dwarf in a binary star system. Our sun is never in this position; however, it will become a white dwarf one day |
|
|
Term
An iron core cannot support a star because: |
|
Definition
iron can’t fuse with other nuclei to form energy |
|
|
Term
Most of the energy of a supernova is carried outward via a flood of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the Chandrasekhar limit?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of supernova results from carbon detonation involving a white dwarf gaining mass and exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Many millisecond pulsars lie within
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One possible explanation for a gamma-ray burster is collision of neutron stars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In comparing the distribution of the X-ray and gammy-ray bursts, we find that gamma-ray bursts are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What kind of remnant disappears from the directly observable universe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The region around a black hole from which no radiation can escape is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The event horizon of a black hole is measured by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What explanation does general relativity provide for gravity? |
|
Definition
gravity is a result of curved space time. |
|
|
Term
The force of gravity can pull on a beam of
|
|
Definition
light, massive objects, neutrinos, antimatter |
|
|
Term
If the sun was replaced by a one-solar mass black hole Earth’s orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
black hole binary star system |
|
|
Term
Some examples of which type of during star exhibit rapid pulses that were originally suspected to be communications from extraterrestrials? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The average density of neutron stars approaches about 10^17 kg/m^3, |
|
Definition
similar to the density of atomic nuclei. |
|
|
Term
. Pulsars usually show all of the following except |
|
Definition
high temperature fusion reactions. |
|
|
Term
The lighthouse model explain a rotating neutron star generates an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Many millisecond pulsars lie within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the final fate of the most massive stars?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The event horizon of a black hole is measured by |
|
Definition
|
|