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Definition
| recorded observations or items of information |
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Definition
| descriptions rather than measurements |
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| recorded measurements, which are sometimes organized into tables and graphs |
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| leads to predictions that can be tested by observation or experimentation |
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Definition
must be testable and falsifiable
-hypothesis-based science often makes use of two or more alternative hypothesis |
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Definition
observations and experimental results must be repeatable
-cannot support or falsify supernatural explanations, which are outside the bounds of science |
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Definition
-broader scope than a hypothesis
-general, and can lead to a new testable hypothesis
-supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis |
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Term
| Hierarchical Classification |
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Definition
| Linnaeus introduced a system of grouping species in increasingly broab categories |
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Term
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Definition
| Domain>Kingdom>Phylum>Class>Order>Family>Genus>Species |
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| taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy |
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| similarity due to shared ancestry |
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Definition
| similarity due to convergent evolution |
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| a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants |
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Definition
Kingdoms: Plantae, Fungae, and Animalia
and Protista |
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Definition
-unicellular, some species for colonies
-very small |
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Definition
-Cocci(spheres)
-Bacilli(rods)
-spirals |
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Term
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Definition
-Genetic material not in nucleus
-peptidoglycan in cell wall
-binary fission
-motility with flagella |
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Term
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Definition
-no peptidoglycan in cell wall
-extremophiles
-methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles |
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Term
| Nutritional and Metabolic Adaptations |
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Definition
-phototrophs(sun)
-chemotrophs(chemicals)
-autotrophs(CO2)
-heterotrophs(organic molecules) |
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Term
| 4 Major Modes of Nutrition |
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Definition
-photoautotrophy
-chemoautotrophy
-photohetertrophy
-chemoheterotrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| both symbiotic organisms benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| one organism benefits while neither harming nor helping the other in a significant way |
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Term
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Definition
| one organism called a parasite harms, but does not kill, its host |
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Definition
| a parasite that causes disease |
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Term
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Definition
-Informal kingdom
-mostly unicellular eukaryotes
-have organelles
-most nutritionally diverse
-photoautotrophs
-heterotrophs
-mixotrophs |
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Term
| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a reproductive cycle
-gametophyte is haploid
-sporophyte is diploid |
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Term
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Definition
Hepatophyta
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta |
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Gymnosperms
-Ginkgophyta
-Cycadophyta
-Gnetophyta
-Conifer
Angiosperms
-Anthophyta |
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| One cotyledon, parallel veins, scattered vascular tissue, fibrous roots, pollen grain with one opening, floral organs in multiples of 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Two cotyledons, netlike veins, vascular tissue in a ring, taproot, pollen grain with 3 openings, floral organs in multiples of 4 or 5 |
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Definition
| Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from outside their body |
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Term
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Definition
| brached network of hyphae |
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Definition
| break down complex molecules into smaller organic compounds |
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Definition
| Symbiosis between fungus and photosynthetic bacteria |
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Definition
| Cleavage stage spiral and determinate, solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom, and mouth develops from blastopore |
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Term
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Definition
| Cleavage radial and determinate, folds of archenteron for coelom, and anus develops from blastopore |
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Term
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Definition
| male and female gametes are united |
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Term
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Definition
| cell division creates a hollow ball of cells called a blastula |
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Term
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Definition
| cells are arranged into a 3-layered gastrula |
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Term
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Definition
| the 3 layers interact and move to give rise to organs |
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Definition
Phylum Porifera
-lack true tissues and organs
-basal animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Portuguese man-of-war, hydra |
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| sea anemones, most corals, and sea fans |
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Definition
tapeworms
-scolex attaches to host
-proglottids produce egs and break off
-no head or digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle
-have a water-filled mantle cavity, and feed using a rasplike radula |
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Term
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Definition
chitons
-shell with 8 plates
-foot for locomotion
-no head |
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Term
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Definition
snail, slugs
-symmetrical body
-torsion |
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Term
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Definition
clams, mussels, scallops, oysters
-flattened shell with 2 valves
-paired gills
-no radula |
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Term
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Definition
squids, octopuses, cuttlefishes, chambered nautiluses
-head surrounded by grasping tentacles
-suckers
-mouth with or without radula
-locomotion by jet propulsion |
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Term
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Definition
| segmented worms; little rings |
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Term
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Definition
terrestrial segmented worms
-chaetae present |
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Term
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Definition
marine, segmented worms
-parapodia, many chaetae |
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Term
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Definition
leeches
-body flattened
-suckers |
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Term
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Definition
round worms
-non-segmented bodies
-ecdysozoans (covered by a tough coat called a cuticle |
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Term
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Definition
ecdysozoans
-Subphylum Cheliceriformes
-Subphylum Myriapoda
-Subphylum Hexapoda
-Subphylum Crustacea |
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| Derived Characteristics of Chordates |
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Definition
-notochord
-dorsal, hollow nerve chord
-pharyngeal slits or clefts
-muscular, post-anal tail |
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