Term
|
Definition
| Key question in psychology, asking how and to what degree do environment and heredity produce their joint effects. |
|
|
Term
Developmental Research (3)
* Cross-sectional ** |
|
Definition
| comparing people of different ages at the same time |
|
|
Term
Developmental Research (3)
* Longitudinal * |
|
Definition
| studying participants as they age |
|
|
Term
Developmental Research (3)
* Sequential * |
|
Definition
| combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal |
|
|
Term
| Genetics - Basic Building Blocks |
|
Definition
Chromosomes >
Genes >
DNA Sequences |
|
|
Term
Critical or Sensitive Periods
Before and After Birth
Importance |
|
Definition
| indicate a specific time that organisms are particularly susceptible to damage that may affect them for the rest of their lives |
|
|
Term
Neonatal Reflexes (5)
* Unlearned, Involuntary Responses *
Lost after the first few months of life and replaced with more complex and organized behaviors. |
|
Definition
Rooting - turn head toward things that touch their cheek
Sucking - prompts sucking of things that touch their lips
Gag - clears their throat
Startle - response to a loud noise (flings arms, fans fingers, arches back)
Babinski - toes fan out when outer edge of the sole of the foot is stroked |
|
|
Term
Attachment
* Key Concept in Social Development of Children * |
|
Definition
| positive emotional bond developed between a child and a particular individual |
|
|
Term
Major Types of Child- Rearing Practices (4)
* Authoritarian * |
|
Definition
rigid and punitive and value unquestioning obedience
Result: unsociable, unfriendly, withdrawn |
|
|
Term
Major Types of Child- Rearing Practices (4)
* Permissive 8 |
|
Definition
give their children relaxed or inconsistent direction and, although they are warm, require little of them
Result: immature, moody, dependent, low self-control |
|
|
Term
Major Types of Child- Rearing Practices (4)
* Authoritative * |
|
Definition
firm, set clear limits, reason with their children, explain decisions and action
Result: good social skills, likeable, self-reliant, independent |
|
|
Term
Major Types of Child- Rearing Practices (4)
* Uninvolved * |
|
Definition
show little interest in their children and are emotionally detached
Result: indifferent, rejecting behavior |
|
|
Term
Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
Childhood Development (4) |
|
Definition
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority |
|
|
Term
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development (4) pg 344
* Sensorimotor * |
|
Definition
Birth - 2 years
little competence in communicating about the environment by using images, language, or other symbols |
|
|
Term
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development (4) pg 344
* Preoperational * |
|
Definition
2 - 7 years
language development |
|
|
Term
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development (4) pg 344
* Concrete operation * |
|
Definition
7 - 12 years
logical thought and a loss of egocentrism |
|
|
Term
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development (4) pg 344
* Formal operation * |
|
Definition
12 - adulthood
abstract thought |
|
|
Term
Moral Development Approaches (2)
Kohlberg vs Gilligan |
|
Definition
Kohlberg - stages
Gilligan - gender differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A myth for most adolescents |
|
|
Term
Aging Theories (2)
* Genetic preprogramming * |
|
Definition
| human cells have a built-in limit to their ability to reproduce and after a certain time they are no longer able to divide |
|
|
Term
Aging Theories (2)
* Wear-and-tear * |
|
Definition
| mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently |
|
|
Term
Aging
* Physical Changes * |
|
Definition
appearance - hair loss, hair thinning, hair color to gray;
skin that wrinkles and folds and sags; slight loss of height
sensory capabilities decrease - vision, hearing, smell, taste
time reaction slows and physical stamina changes |
|
|
Term
Aging
* Intellectual Changes * |
|
Definition
decline - fluid intelligence (information processing)
memory, calculations, analogy solving
improve - crystallized intelligence (based on the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies learned through experience) remain steady or sometimes improve |
|
|
