Term
| What is the smallest basic unit of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| One particular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by normal means. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a compound and a molecule? |
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Definition
Compound- a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Example-H2O and CO2
Molecule-Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
(note:this means that a molecule can also be a compound) |
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Term
| When atoms gain or lose electrons, what do they become? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A bond formed between two oppositely charged ions. (Example- NaCl) |
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Term
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Definition
| A bond formed when atoms share a pair of electrons. (Example- CO2) |
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Term
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Definition
| An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen. |
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Term
| What kinds of special properties do the hydrogen bonds in water cause? |
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Definition
| High specific heat, cohesion, and adhesion. |
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Term
| True or false. Few compounds dissolve in water. |
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Definition
| False. Many compounds dissolve in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of substances that is the same throughout. A homogeneous mixture |
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Term
| Which is the one that is present in a greater amount: solvent or solute? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False. Nonpolar and polar substances don't mix well. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does an acid or a base have a higher pH level? |
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Definition
| A base. Acids have a lower pH level |
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Term
| Do acids or bases have a higher concentration of H+ ions? |
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Definition
| Acids. Bases have a lower concentration of H+ ions. |
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Term
| Why is carbon so important to life? |
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Definition
| It's atomic structure gives it many unique bonding properties. |
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Term
| Is a polymer made of monomers or a monomer made of polymers? |
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Definition
| Polymers are made of monomers. (Poly-many, Mono- one) |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). These include starches and sugars. |
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Term
| Are glucose and fructose monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides? How about starches, glycogen, and cellulose? |
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Definition
Glucose and Fructose-mono
Starches, glycogen, cellulose- poly
(note: sucrose is a disaccharide) |
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Term
| True or false. Starches are made by plants and glycogen is made by animals. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chain of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. |
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Term
| What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats? |
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Definition
| Saturated fats contain ONLY single bonds between carbons. Unsaturated fats have single bonds between carbons and at least one double bond between carbons. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride? |
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Definition
| A phospholipid has non-polar fatty acid tails, a glycerol, and a polar head that contains a phosphate group. A triglyceride has three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol |
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Term
| The monomer of a protein is a(n)? |
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Definition
| Amino Acid.(there are 20 of these. Each is composed of a hydrogen atom, an amino group-NH2, and a carboxyl group-COOH. They only differ from their R-group.) |
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Term
| What kind of bonds do amino acids from between each other? |
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Definition
| Peptide bonds (these are covalent) |
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Term
| True or false. Amino acids can bend to form specific shapes. |
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Definition
| True. (Example: Hemoglobin) |
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Term
| The monomer of a nucleic acid is a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two general types of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between reactants and products in a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| Reactants are the substances being changed and the products are being made. |
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Term
| The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? |
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Definition
Exothermic- release more energy than it absorbs
Endothermic- absorbs more energy than it releases |
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Term
| Does a catalyst increase or decrease the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Put these steps in order: A. Enzyme brings substrates together and weakens their bonds. B. Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites. C. The catalyzed reaction forms a product and that is released from the enzyme. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false. Enzymes are a lock-and-key model. |
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Definition
| True. Only certain substrates can bind to a specific enzyme. |
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