Term
|
Definition
| A subfield of psychology that focuses on maintaining health and preventing/treating illness |
|
|
Term
| Biopsychosocial Model of Health |
|
Definition
| The integration of biological, psychological, & social factors in dealing with health related behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practices that have an impact on physical well-being |
|
|
Term
| Theory of Reasoned Action |
|
Definition
| Specific intentions: "promise to self change", Positive attitudes: "feel good about the change", Approval of social group: "feel support from friends", |
|
|
Term
| Theory of Planned Behavior |
|
Definition
| Specific intentions: "promise to self change", Positive attitudes: "feel good about the change", Approval of social group: "feel support from friends", Perception control:"feel you have the power to change" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 step process by which people give up bad habits & adapt healthier lifestyles.
Characteristics of:
Precontemplation "not ready to change"
Contemplation "they need to change"
Preparation/Determination "preparing to take action"
Action/Willpower "enact a plan"
Maintenance "success overtime" |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Relapse |
|
Definition
| A return to former unhealthy behavior patterns |
|
|
Term
| Resources for positive change |
|
Definition
-Motivation
-Social Relationships: probably the most important variable in predicting health |
|
|
Term
| Importance of Social support |
|
Definition
| Feedback from others that one is loved, cared for, valued, & included in a network of communication |
|
|
Term
| 3 Benefits of Social support |
|
Definition
Tangible assistance
Information
Emotional support/social sharing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resource for positive change |
|
|
Term
| Personality Characteristics |
|
Definition
| High levels in each of these traits leads to healthier, longer lives. (Conscientiousness, Personal Control, Self-efficacy, Optimism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term used to describe physical, emotional, cognitive & behavioral responses to events that are perceived as threatening or challenging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Events that cause stress reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stress that is caused by unpleasant happenings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stress that is caused by positive happenings |
|
|
Term
| 3 Categories of stressors |
|
Definition
Catastrophes: unpredictable event that happens on a large sale
Major life changes: Landmark events that change your life
Hassles: Daily annoyances of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pressure, Personal control, Frustration, Conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Demands & expectations are high from outside source. "Time" is most common source. Has negative impact on performance and creativity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You feel that you are responsible for and in control of your own behaviors and choices |
|
|
Term
| Learned helplessness effect |
|
Definition
| After repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events, organisms will develop a tendency to remain in stressful situations, even when escape is possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when people are blocked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persistence, Aggression, Displaced aggression, Escape/withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having to choose between two options, where both options are good, bad or both |
|
|
Term
| Approach-approach conflict |
|
Definition
| torn between two desirable goals |
|
|
Term
| Avoidance-avoidance conflict |
|
Definition
| torn between two undesirable goals |
|
|
Term
| Approach-avoidance conflict |
|
Definition
| choosing yes or no about a goal that has both good and bad things about it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Physical problems: sweaty, etc
Emotional problems: irritable, etc
Cognitive problems: trouble focusing, thinking, etc |
|
|
Term
| General Adaption Syndrome |
|
Definition
| Hans selve's description of what happens when you make strong demands on the body |
|
|
Term
| General Adaption Syndrome- Alarm |
|
Definition
| Initial response, sympathetic nervous system is activated so heart rate increases, pupils dilates, sweaty palms. |
|
|
Term
| General Adaption Syndrome- Resistance |
|
Definition
| When body is trying in every way to maintain this high level of energy storage. Shuts down immune system, reproductive system. |
|
|
Term
| General Adaption Syndrome- Exhaustion |
|
Definition
| Might get sick, fatigued, tired, feverish. When you finally have to stop what is going on. |
|
|
Term
| Dr. Robert Sapolsky Studies stress in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Workaholics, perfectionist, competitive. 3 times more likely to have unhealthy heart conditions than typer B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Easy going, slow to anger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internalizes feelings, more likely to get cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thrives on stress. Have a deep sense of commitment to goals. Feel in control of their lives, see things as challenges. |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive Appraisal Model of Stress |
|
Definition
| The way we think about a stressor can affect how stressful it becomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimating severity of the stressor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimating resources to deal with stressor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A kind of problem-solving that involves managing stressful circumstances, expending effort to solve life's difficulties, & seeking to reduce stress. You're the one of dealing with the stressor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Problem-focused, Emotion-focused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cognitive strategy of squarely facing one's troubles & trying to solve them. Psychologist think that this is more adaptive and better for you in the long run. You squarely face your stress and try to come up with ways of solving these problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trying to manage one's emotional reaction to a stressor, rather than focusing on the root problem. Try to avoid stress by reducing things that lead to stress. Ex: I'm not going to think about my exam because that is going to stress me out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Statistically rare, deviance from social norms, personal distress, interference with normal functioning |
|
|
Term
| Psychologists definition of abnormality |
|
Definition
| Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress causes them to harm themselves or others, or interferes with their ability to function in daily life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains each known disorder, a description symptoms, checklist of criteria, & other relevant facts. Constantly under revision. 4th version. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Clinical disorders
2. Personality disorders & mental retardation
3. General Medical conditions
4. Psychosocial & environmental problems
5. Global assessment of functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pseudo-Patients could not be distinguished from regular patients. Behaviors were viewed as abnormal because of contextual bias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychological disorders have a biological cause. Also known as the medical model. You think psychological disorders are being caused by something going on in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freud. Process by which a therapists tries to bring out these sexual, aggressive desires to help solve the problem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discorders are caused by unconscious conflicts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorders are caused by illogical thinking. Irrational but we do them anyway and they lead down a spiral of depression or anxiety. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unrealistic or excessive anxiety. Sometimes can be tied to something specific (fear), but other time it cannot (free-floating anxiety) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irrational fear that causes undue personal distress and/or interferes with normal functioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fear of something in particular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Obsessions- intruding thoughts
Compulsions- ritualistic behaviors that reduce anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sudden onset of impending sense of doom or extreme panic. Symptoms: heart racing, rapid breathing, sweating, dry mouth, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
|
Definition
| Excessive worrying around the clock, "The Worrier". Interferes with normal functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Results from exposure to traumatic event. Linked to soldiers who have been in battle and have experienced extremely bad situations. Characteristics- flashbacks, emotionally avoidant, difficulty concentrating, impulsive outbursts, apprehensive/nervous, desensitization, exaggerated startle response. |
|
|
Term
| Why do only some develop PTSD? |
|
Definition
| Some people may have a biological predisposition to develop PTSD after trauma. |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic explanation (PTSD) |
|
Definition
| anxiety disorders are the result of repressed feelings and thought. |
|
|
Term
| Behaviorist explanation (PTSD) |
|
Definition
| anxiety disorders are learned over time. |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive explanation (PTSD) |
|
Definition
| anxiety disorders are the result of illogical, irrational thinking patterns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exaggeration of events, ideas, feelings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must be perfect or it's completely ruined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single negative even interpreted as a pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only look at the bad, minimizing the positive. |
|
|
Term
| Mood disorders (Affective disorders) |
|
Definition
| Disturbance in affect or emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A moderate depression that lasts for 2 years or more and is typically associated with some outside stressor. Mild depression. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cycling between sadness & happiness that lasts more than 2 years. Moody person, 2 extremes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very depressed, don't feel motivated to do anything, contimplate suicide, most common. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deeply depressed, sleep all the time, pessimistic but also super happy, productive, week with little sleep, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychotic disorder (break with reality).. characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior and perception. Difficult to tell if it is real or not real. Disorganized |
|
|
Term
| Positive symptoms-Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, irrational thought, work salad. |
|
|
Term
| Negative symptoms-Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Flatt affect, catatonia, social withdrawal, lack of speech. These are more difficult to treat. Don't get normal ups & downs that everyone else shows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disorganized-confused speech patterns, don't make sense
Catatonic-does not respond to outside world
Paranoid- believe they are being persecuted or pursued
Undifferentiated- May shift from one Schizophrenia to another
Residual- Person may return to somewhat normal but retain odd, quirky symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biological, neurodegenerative disorder. Genetic factors, dopamine hypothesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive dopamine causes schizophrenia and have hallucinations and delusions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Talking about problems to someone who listens, helps them understand their problems, & tries to help change the behaviors that cause them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aimed at understanding motives & actions. When you are looking deep within yourself to make changes to your behavior and why. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychoanalysis was a way to "cleanse" the unconscious mind |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
| Thought all of us had these unconscious desires that are socially unacceptable by society. Conflict what your unconscious mind wants and what society deems is susceptible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconscious mind emerges in dreams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconscious mind emerges in free flowing stream of ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients unwilling to talk about certain things means that coming close to repressed material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient transfers feelings from childhood to therapist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Person-centered. Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow. Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, & human nature as growth seeking experiences and motivations for behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mirroring statements without interfering with the flow of ideas |
|
|
Term
| Unconditional positive regard |
|
Definition
| Creating a completely accepting atmosphere. Everything you say is valid & needs to be taken under consideration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feeling what the client is feeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Giving genuine, open, and honest responses. |
|
|
Term
| Action Therapies-Behavior Therapy |
|
Definition
| An action therapy involving the use of learning techniques to change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior. Also called Behavior modification or applied behavior analysis |
|
|
Term
| Learning techniques to change behavior |
|
Definition
| Modeling, Reinforcement, Extinction training |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning through the observation & imitation of others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strengthening a response by following it with something pleasurable or by removing something unpleasant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eliminating maladaptive behaviors through extinction, counter conditioning or punishment. |
|
|
Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
|
Definition
| (flooding) pairing maladaptive behavior with negative consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focused on changing distorted thought patterns. Goal is to help clients think more positively. |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive-Behavior therapy |
|
Definition
| Mixes both cognitive therapy with behaviorism. Establish positive thinking patterns, setup rewards/punishments to change behavior, develop strategies to cope with future problems. Most effective form of psychotherapy for anxiety & mood disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May just be treating symptoms, not underlying causes of problem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medical procedures, therapy that directly affects biological processing. |
|
|
Term
| Psychopharmacological Treatments |
|
Definition
| Neuroleptics, anxiolytics, anti depressants, successful with depression. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While patient is under anesthesia, an electrical shock is delivered to the head that results in seizure. Causes a "flood" of neurotransmitters in the brain. Used in the treatment of depression. Still used today (under anesthesia)- people report an improvement in mood and helps those who have severe depression and don't respond to other medications. |
|
|
