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| Monk who became the Archbishop of Canterbury after his missionary journey to Britainia. His travels to the campaign had a lot of troubles. Faced mutiny but kept going. |
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King of the Visigoths
First Germanic leader to sack Rome
Leader of the Visigoths who served in the foederati. |
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The last emperor of the Roman Empire
Was ousted by Odoacer in 476; Leader of a Germanic people group.
His father was Orestes |
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| Justinian the Great. Attempted to retake western Rome but is known as the Emperor of Byzantium. Did reclaim the city of Rome. Had the Hagia Sophia built |
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Father was a bear trainer in circus.
History of Prostitution and being in the theater.
Justinian falls in love with her and passes a law all
Byzantine Empress
Saved the emperor from losing his throne. |
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Born in Mecca
Orphaned
Worked as a Caravan driver
Recieves the Quran over the course of 20 years
Islam is born out of Muhammad's life |
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Wife of Muhammad
Considered the first prophetess of Islam |
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Grandfather of Charlemagne
Charles the Hammer
Frankish Military and political leader during an interrum period. |
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POPE
First pope to come from a monastic background.
Sent missionary work through Augustine of Canterbury to Britania.
Converted King Clovis and the Franks. |
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| King of the Franks. First to be converted to Christianity. Wife's name was Clotild. |
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| Founder of Western Monastacism |
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Writer of the Life of Charlemagne
Was an advisor to Charlemagne himself.
Educated at the monastery in Fulda |
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Known as Pepin the short. Also called Pippin der Grosse.
First king of the Franks.
Brother of Carloman
Father of Charlemagne |
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Charles the Great
Looked to as a model for what a king should be in early Medieval Europe
King of the Franks |
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Clerical reform
Celibacy
Simony
Plurality
Resolution Controversy with King Henry IV |
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Had a conflict with Pope Gregory VII
Authority over the Pope?
Tried to appoint the bishop of Canterbury.
Excommunicated then repented |
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| Founder of the Komnenian dynasty |
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Pope preaches crusade as indulgence
Wanted Jerusalem back
Took civil violence out of Europe unifying it |
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Voluntary poverty
Gives clothes away to poor
Son of successful cloth merchant, father accuses of stealing, bishop takes him in
Franciscans (disciples) live off of charity and preach |
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Wanted to be apart of the Friars of Assisi
Made her own group called the poor Clares
Dedicated to helping the poor |
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Italian writer
Wrote Decameron;
Florentian |
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Monk of England
Author, scholar
Wrote the only known historical account of Britain
Popularized the BC AD timeline
“father of English history
only English doctor of church |
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Rennaisance artist involved in bridge design and architecture
Lived through black death
Fresco, biblical art
Paintings show transition from medieval style (in pp)
Inside of scorvegni chapel and weird bell tower |
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Rennaisance Sculptor
First freestanding life-size nude since antiquity
David wearing Florentine hat, goliath head with Milanese helmet
Equestrian of general – Gattamelata |
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The reason for the phrase "Rennaisance man"
Mona lisa, last supper – oil paint and fresco
Military engineer, scientist, sculptor, artist in general |
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Anatomy
Carved name into Pieta, shift of art from God’s glory to artist credit |
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patronage in art, venus
Patrons in biblical art scenes
Birth of venus represents birth of humanism |
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Kown for Madonna
Mary looks like a peasant girl
Cross is a sign of the Martyr. |
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2 shelled dome on the Santa Maria del Fur with hoisting mechanisms
Engineer
Painter |
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First of Medici dynasty in Florentine Republic
Patron of Donatello (cast bronze David) and Brunelleschi (dome) |
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Patron of Michelangelo and da Vinci
Ruler of Florentine Republic |
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| Was chartered by Ferdinand |
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| Queen Isabella and Ferdinand |
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Queen to King Ferdinand's throne
Spain
Ferdinand devised the Spanish inquisition
Used the Church to push out reform
Chartered Christopher Columbus |
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Exiled after Medici’s return to power
Wrote The Prince
Dedicated to the Medici Prince |
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Humanist Christian thinker
Learned Hebrew and Greek
wrote the first critical edition of the Greek bible |
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Heliocentric cosmology
Studied astronomy for 30 years straight
Polski |
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Supported heliocentric model
Advances in telescope
Observational astronomy |
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Danish planetary observer
Recorded heliocentricity
Kepler his assistant |
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Assistant to Brahe
Laws of planetary motion
Contemporary of Galileo
Provided theories used by Isaac Newton |
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95 theses in Wittenberg
translated NT into German while in hiding
opposed peasant revolts
Consubstantiation – bread and wine spiritually filled with body and blood of Christ for all believers |
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Excommunicates Luther
Edict of Worms |
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Luther’s patron
Requested papal legate come to Germany rather than Luther go to Rome
Luther excommunicated |
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Ruled in time of Martin Luther
Holy Roman Emperor in Spain
Controlled parts of Germany, Netherlands, Austria, Italy and all of Spain
Peace of Augsberg treaty between him and forces of Schmalkaldic League (Lutheran Princes) |
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Martin Luther’s wife
Escaped in a barrel
Would only marry Luther
German Catholic nun
Set example for Protestant family life and clerical marriage |
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Studied Erasmus, theocratic philosophy
Sausage fest on Ash Wednesday
Communion- bread and wine simply reminders of Christ’s body and blood |
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French, humanist education
God’s sovereignty, no one can understand God (predestination)
Christ a mediator, death atones sins
Flees to Geneva, cleans up Canton, sends Huguenots into France |
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Council of Trent,
Reform must start from top
Organized the Sacred Congregation of the Holy order |
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Wrote autobiography, read books of chivalry seen as worldy
Converts
Founds order of discalced Carmelites
Politically savvy
First Female Doctor of the Church |
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Spanish Catholic reformer
Injured as soldier, reads religious texts in recovery, decided to be God’s soldier
Goes to school, founds Societ of Jesus (Jesuits)
Committed to preaching to poor and ignorant in Europe and especially abroad
Saw new converts oppressed by Spanish Inquisition as culturally knowledgeable people who could be used to reach those in their previous religion |
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Defends indigenous people’s rights
Appalled by violence of colonists |
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Success in preaching to untouchables
Brahmins don’t convert
Eventually fails
Goes to Japan with plan to convert nobility first
Blends in with culture to gain acceptance
Dies on way to China |
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Jesuit, adopts Confucian scholarly dress
Familiarizes self with Chinese intellectualism
Church permits Gospel adaptasion to Asian culture in order to convert |
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Shahadah – declaration of faith
No god but Allah, Muhammad is prophet
Strict monotheism, Christianity polytheistic
Prayer – 5 times a day
Alms – 2.5% tax tithe of assets (net worth)
Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca |
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From Switzerland area to Black Sea
Visigoths cross into Rome
Northern border of the Roman Empire |
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Visigoths rebel against stingy Romans
Defeat army
No siege tech to take city |
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New Christian capital in 11th century, Justinian
Nika Revolt
Capital of Byzantium |
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New trade centers on east coast of Red Sea and inland of east coast north of Mecca
Conflict on silk road between Persian and Byzantine border
New caravan from south to north along Red Sea
New culture rises, tension between old and new thought
Mecca religious center of Aram world
Mohammad migrated here form Mecca, much more success here |
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Viewed as major win for Christianity, not a big deal to Muslims
Charles Martel |
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Palace of Charlemagne in Germany
Palace school of Charlemagne
Cathedral interior resembles byzantine style |
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Center of Arabian civilization
Medieval Muslim world
Harun al Rashid |
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Home of Medici family
republic |
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Augustine of Hippo hears child’s song in garden, read bible
Donatello’s David came from here, new alps
Last Supper
Principality |
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Calvin takes refuge here
Sends missionaries (Huguenots) out to France
Calvin reforms religiously, politically, socially
Enforces law, helps poor, rules against entertainment, taverns into teahouses, outlaws zipper
Church and state should work together equally |
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Luther posted 95 theses
Frederick of Saxony
Edict of Worms |
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Arius started belief that Jesus was inferior to God and did not always exist
Deemed heretical by Council of Nicaea |
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| Annual pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Shahadah – declaration of faith
No god but Allah, Muhammad is prophet
Strict monotheism, Christianity polytheistic
Prayer – 5 times a day
Alms – 2.5% tax tithe of assets (net worth)
Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Migrated from north to Danube river valley
Took over Byzantium, then were conquered by Franks
Turned into kingdom of Italy during middle ages |
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Hungarians
Invade after Charlemagne dies
From asia minor, convert to Christianity in 1000 |
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Hungarians
Invade after Charlemagne dies
From asia minor, convert to Christianity in 1000 |
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| 3 orders of Medieval society |
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Written by Benedict of Nursia
Lists precepts followed by monks in his order
Adopted by many monastic orders in the middle ages |
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Simony – Simon Magus tried to buy holy spirit
Buying or selling of church office
Plurality
One person holding too many church offices, pays more
Clerical celibacy
Eliminates nepotism
King taken from power – restored after repenting |
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Alexios Comnenos of Byzantium asks Pope Urban II to stop schism
Asks for mercenaries from west to help with Turks
Pope Urban preaches crusades as indulgences – unifies Europe
Vow taken – took cross to Europe
Arabs viewed Franks as aggressive, uncouth invaders
Jews despised and blamed for Jesus’ death, massacred
Land given to Byzantium |
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Pointed arches
Ribbed vault
Flying buttresses
Arch supporting a wall |
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King gives approval of bishop candidates
Church chooses from candidates
Fief conferred by king |
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