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| who discovered x-rays and when |
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Definition
| wilhelm roentgen on nov 8th, 1895 |
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| the development of which tube was a major advancment for x-ray technology |
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| as low as reasonably possible |
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| what are the primary radiation protection devices |
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Definition
| filtration, collimation, intensifying screens, protective apparel, gonadal shielding, protective barriers |
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| very large and very small numbers are difficult to write in decimal and fraction form. Scientific notation allows these numbers to be written and manipulated more easily |
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| the unit of radiation exposure or intensity (Gy(a)) |
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| dose absorbed by patient (Gy(t)) |
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| the smallest particle that has all the properties of an element |
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| what charges do electrons and protons and neutrons have |
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Definition
electrons are negative
protons are positive
neutrons and negative |
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| what determines the chemical element |
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Definition
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| what are the electron shells labeled |
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Definition
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| why do the number of electrons and protons need to be equal |
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Definition
| in order for the atom to be stable |
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Term
| what is the formula for the maximum number of electrons that can exist in each shell |
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Definition
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Term
| periodic table group (column) |
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Definition
| how many electrons in the outermost shell |
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| periodic table period or row |
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Definition
| number of the outermost electron shell of an atom |
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Definition
| the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus |
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Term
| principles of binding energy |
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Definition
the closer an electron is to the nucleus the more tightly bound it is
more electrons = more tighly bound
atoms with more protons take more energy to ionize |
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Definition
| atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses |
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| the smallest particle that has all the properties of a compound |
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| the emission of particles and energy from a nucleus in order to become stable |
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Definition
| the release of 2 protons and 2 neutrons from a radioactive nucleus |
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Definition
| the relase of an electron from a radioactive nucleus, with the simultaneous conversion of a neutron into a proton |
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| what are the 4 properties used to describe photons |
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Definition
| velocity, amplitude, frequency, and wavelength |
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Definition
| speed, 3x10^8 meters per second |
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| 1/2 the range from crest to valley |
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Definition
| distance from any point on the sine wave to the next corresponding point, measured in meters |
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| number of wavelengths passing a given point per second, measured in hertz (cycles per second) |
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| electromagnetic wave equation |
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Definition
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| the reduction in intensity resulting from scattering and absorption |
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| property of structures that attenuate x-rays |
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| property of structures that absorb x-rays |
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Definition
radiation intensity is inversely related to the square of the distance from the source
I1(D1)^2=I2(D2)^2 |
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Term
| coherent scatter(classical/thompson) |
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Definition
energy below 10keV
change in direction but doesn't lose energy
no ionization
film fog |
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Term
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Definition
outer shell electron
different direction less energy
reduces contrast
most occupation radiation |
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Term
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Definition
inner shell electron
x-ray is totally absorbed ejecting an electron
image contrast, white areas |
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Term
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Definition
energy at least 1.02MeV
gets close to nucleus and disappears
creates a positron and electron |
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Definition
energy above 10MeV
interacts directly with nucleus
nucleus emits nuclear fragment |
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Definition
| the difference between x-rays absorbed in the patient and those transmitted to the image receptor |
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| the transfer of electrons from one object to another or the movement of negative electric charges |
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| the electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them |
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| electric potential energy |
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Definition
| when like electric charges are positioned close to each other because they want to fly apart |
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| the unit of electric potential |
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| any substance through which electrons flow easily |
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| any material that does not allow electrons to flow |
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Definition
| the flow of charged particles |
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| what is the unit for current |
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Definition
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| anything that opposes or hinders flow (ohm U) |
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Definition
r is total
v is total
I is equal |
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Definition
I is total
V is equal
1/Rt = 1/R1+ 1/R2 + 1/R3 ect |
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Definition
| measures potential difference (always connected in parallel) |
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Definition
| measures current (always in series) |
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Definition
| electrons flowing in only one direction |
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Definition
| electrons flowing alternately in opposite directions (cylces every 1/60 of a second) |
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Term
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Definition
| electric power (P=IV or P=I^2R) |
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