- Fontana, Crucifixion, 1948, polychrome ceramic

- Avant-garde (manipulation of ceramic) and Kitsch (use of polychrome)

- Relates to idea of dynamism of color, form, and shape (Spatialist)

- Fontana, Installation view of Spatial Light Structure in neon, 1951

- Explores spatial environment

- Fontana, Photograph of light shining through punctured paintings, 1952

- Spatialist

- Can be viewed as sculpture 

- Greatly defies idea of painting on an easel

- Fontana, Spatial Concept, 1951

- Fontana, Spatial Concept, Waiting, 1961

- Tagli (cuts)

- Signifies an indexical marking of artist

- Spatialist

- Gianni Dova, Nuclear Composition, 1951

- Color is kitsch

- Nuclear Art

- Primitive and corporeal

- Enrico Baj, Immaculate Conception, 1951

- Nuclear Art

- Corporeal

- Color choice is not Kitsch, but is very disturbing

- Commentary on effects of nuclear fallout

- Baj, Boom Manifesto, 1953

- Nuclear Art

- Not very composed

- Almost childlike gestures (especially handwriting)

- Color is sickly

- Yves Klein, Monochrome Proposal, blue epoch, exhibition installation, 1957

- Creates object quality of painting by not hanging it on the wall and by placing it on rods away from the wall

- Used roller which is unpainterly

- New Realism

- Yves Klein, Untitled, 1958

- Monochrome

- Used roller which is unpainterly

- Rounded edges make it less of a painting

- New Realism

- Klein, Anthrompometry, 1960

- New Realism

- Use of nude women dipped in paint then directed to make an imprint on canvas

- Music playing, only one note

- Klein, The Void, 1958

- Emptied out gallery, painted walls white

- The space is designated as the art

- Piero Manzoni, Achrome, 1958

- Created with kaolin (clay), which when dried creates folds

- Achrome means without color

- Avant-garde 

- Manzoni, Achrome, 1961

- rabbit fur on felt backing

- tactile aspect

- designated as art, and so it is

- Assisted readymade

- Avant-garde/concept

- Satirizes the art object as perceived by modern society

- Manzoni, Merda d'artista, 1961

- Viewer doesn't know if shit is actually in there

- Art is ruined when someone finds out

- The art is in the concept of not truly knowing

- Satirizes the involvement of the artist in his work

- Avant-garde/concept

- Guy Debord, The Naked City, 1957

- Encourages walking in areas that are relatively unexplored

- Society of the Spectacle: people engage passively with mediated images. No longer a genuine interaction.

- Situationist International