Term
| 99.9% of formed elements are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A heart rate less than 60 bpm is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient develops a swollen face; an enlarged, stretch-marked abdomen; spindly legs and arms; and a fatty hump between the shoulders. What might be wrong? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A tracheal membrane, allows you to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes? |
|
Definition
| Vasoconstriction & water retention |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Air goes to and from each lung through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amino acids and sugars are absorbed into the? |
|
Definition
| Blood of intestinal villi |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibodies belong to a class of plasma proteins called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antigen presenting cells (APC's) present the part of an antigen, bound to class II MHC protien on their surface. These APC's then bind to _____ (aka CD4 cells). |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As bicarbonate enters the plasma in the tissue capillaries, ____ shifts into the RBCs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extracellular antigens such as bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Brush-border enzymes are found in the? |
|
Definition
| Microvilli of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Calculate the cardiac output if the heart rate is 70bpm, and the stroke volume is 80ml per beat. |
|
Definition
Multiply the heart rate by the stroke volume
5600 ml/min |
|
|
Term
| Carbaminohemoglobin is the percentage of carbon dioxide that is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catecholamines are secreted by the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical lymph nodes are located in the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triglycerides and protein that enter the lacteals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clots are dissolved when... |
|
Definition
| t-PA Activates plasminogen |
|
|
Term
| Constant changes in blood flow where capillary alternately increase and decrease blood flow to tissues is referred to as... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distorted features, caused by secretion of too much GH in an adult, are the result of a disorder called ... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
During exercise there is a local increase in blood flow to the muscles and skin. There is also central control where the vasomotor venter of the cardiovascular center stimulates
A) Vasoconstriction in the digestive tract and vasodilation in the skeletal muscles.
B) Vasodilation in the digestive tract and vasoconstriction in the skeltal muscles
C) Vasoconstriction in both the digestive tract and skeletal muscles
D) Vasodilation |
|
Definition
| A) Vasoconstriction in the digestive tract and vasodilation in the skeletal muscles. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Water breaks covalent bonds between molecules |
|
|
Term
| EDV=135ml SV=78ml ESV=52ml From these values how would you calculate the ejection fraction? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extracellular antigens enter lymphatic tissue and bind to receptors on _____ lymphocytes. After activation, these lymphocytes then clone producing large numbers of plasma cells and memory cells. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| FSH and LH are secreted by the anterior pituitary. They target the ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helper-T lymphocytes activate CD-8 cells to produce cytotoxic T-cells and they activate _____ causing them to clone. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Higher than normal body temperature |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lower than normal body temperature |
|
|
Term
| If capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is less than blood osmotic pressure (BOP) the net result is capillar... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the BP is 124/76 then the mean arterial pressure is... |
|
Definition
124-76=48 48/3=16 16+76=92
Diastolic-systolic=A A/3=B B+diastolic=final answer |
|
|
Term
| If you travel to the high mountains, there will be less oxygen in your alveoli because there is less in the air. Which gas law does this most closely illustrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you were to visit the Rocky Mountains, what would stimulate your red bone marrow to accelerate RBC formation? |
|
Definition
| A hormone called erythropoietin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lymph capillaries in villi are called ____
A) muscularis mucasae
B) venules
C) lamina propria
D) chylomicrons
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
E) none of the above
Lacteal |
|
|
Term
| Lymph capillaries reabsorb about _____ percent of fluid that is filtered from capillaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph collected from the right leg enters the _____ duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph nodes filter lymph and... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mast cells and basophils release histamine and other chemicals to cause ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most carbon dioxide is transported from the tissues to the lungs as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of our blood is in our... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the respiratory tract is lined with... |
|
Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Myxedema and decreased metabolic rate are symptoms of ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OT (OXT) and ADH are synthesized in the ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parietal cells of the stomach secrete... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People's own immune system usually does not attack their body. This property is referred to as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peyer's patches of the small intestine are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be implicated in venous clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May try to locate the median cubital vein |
|
|
Term
| Plasma normally makes up about _____ of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pneumocyte type II cells in the alveolar sacs... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Need to drink a lot of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often excuse yourself while dining with friends |
|
|
Term
Pulse pressure is equal to
(whats the calculation) |
|
Definition
| Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
| Skeletal muscle contraction and breathing cause blood to? |
|
Definition
| Flow in veins and lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
| Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Starch digestion begins in the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Swelling of the thyroid gland is called a ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells that respond to hormones |
|
|
Term
| The T" in ACTH stands for ..." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ bronchi supply air to each lung lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that stimulate other glands. These hormones are called _____ hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The arterial blood pressure during left ventricular relaxing (filling) is the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cardiac accelerator part of the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata... |
|
Definition
| Speeds up the heart via the sympathetic branch of the ANS |
|
|
Term
| The control of oxytocin is by ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) controls the rhythm of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epicardium is also known as the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The filling phase of the cardiac cycle is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The greatest change in BP is in the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hard material that covers the tooth crown is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hypothalamus has indirect control of the _____ by secreating releasing and inhibiting hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The intrinsic pathway of cogulation is activated by the... |
|
Definition
| Activation of factor XII exposed to collagen |
|
|
Term
| The largest liver lobe is the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The part of the tooth that is anchored to the tooth socket is the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pneumocyte (type I) cells, basement membranes, and the endothelial cells form... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The PO2 of the tissue is ____ than the PO2 of oxygenated blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior pituitary connects to the hypothalamus via a funnel-shapped. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pressure produced by plasma solutes such as proteins is... |
|
Definition
| BOP (blood osmotic pressure) |
|
|
Term
| The proton pumps of the parietal cells produce a substance that helps to activate pepsinogen. What substance is produced by these pumps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk is called the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The secretion of _____ requires stimulation by the sympathetic branch of the ANS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The three functions of bile are... |
|
Definition
| Fat emulsification, fat absorption and excretion |
|
|
Term
| The tongue pushes a bolus of food into the oropharynx during the ____ phase of swallowing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The upper part of the pharynx is the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The volume of blood left in the ventricle after ejection of the stroke volume is called the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex secrets ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue factor (factor III) is a factor in the _____ pathway. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
During local regulation of blood flow changes in blood chemistry and temperature within capillary beds cause a change in blood flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Hormones are enzymes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Mean arterial pressure increases with distance from the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Some blood globulins transport chemicals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The chief cells of the stomach secrete pepsin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The immunes system's secondary response to an antigen is usually not as strong as the primary response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The lymphatic system transports some nutrients and hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The PO2 of alveolar air is about 100 mmHg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Without properly functioning helper T-cells the entire immune system will be compromised. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the products of sucrase catalyzed digestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What arterial layer has an elastic membrane, a basement membrane and endothelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What binds oxygen in a hemoglobin molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What branch of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What carries lymph into lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| Afferent lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
| What chemicals, secreated by plasma cells, provide immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects the cusps of atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does this image represent? |
|
Definition
| //dp11i9uvzjqmt.cloudfront.net/2/images/upload-flashcards/98/70/65/2987065_m.jpg |
|
|
Term
| What has overlapping endothelium that acts as valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone causes milk letdown"?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormones are secreted by stimulation from sympathetic branch of the ANS during the flight or fight reaction? |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| What hydrolyzes triglycerides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What immune cells are held in reserve, and cause a strong secondary response to a specific antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the trem for swallowing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lymph/endocrine gland processes T-cell lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in and around your throat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of a electrocardiogram indicates ventricular depolarization?
A) P-Wave
B) T-Wave
C) S-Wave
D) P-R interval
E None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain contains the center that controls basic rhythm of breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the electrocardiogram represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the hearts conducting system sends the electrochemical signal from the AV node to the bundle branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What plasma proteins produce the greater effect on blood viscosity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prevents ejected blood from flowing back into the ventricles during ventricular diastole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sound does the heart make when the AV valves close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stem cells produce red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vessels have the greatest effect on peripheral resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a sample of blood is typed, it agglutinates in the B space, but not in the A nor the Rh space. This indicates that the type is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the BP is too low the kidneys releases renin. Renin starts the chemical process that forms... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you find intercalated discs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which artery or vein layer causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which capillaries occur in the liver and bone marrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which clotting pathway begins with the activation of proenzymes and release of PF-3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gland is dependent on the hypophyseal portal circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gland secretes hormones that increase ATP formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hormone causes the retention of sodium ions (Na+), and the elimination of potassium (K+)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lung has the most secondary bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lymph tissues have crypts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following accounts mostly for exhalation during resting ventilation?
A) diaphragm and external intercostals contract
B) abdominal muscles relax
C) erector spinae muscles contract
D) elastic recoil
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following can be the cause of an increase in pulse pressure
A) Anxiety
B) Exercise
C) Decreased peripheral resistance
D) A&B
E) B&C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following cells do not come from lymphoid stem cells?
A) Neutrophils
B) Erythrocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils & Erythrocytes
E None of the above |
|
Definition
| D) Neutrophils & Erythrocytes |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following clotting factors is always in the plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following formulas is correct?
A) F ∝ R/ΔP
B) ΔP ∝ R/F
C) F ∝ ΔP/R
D) ΔP ∝ F-R |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following gases has a higher blood than alveolar partial pressure in deoxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following hormones can increase belly fat?
A) T3 and T4
B) cortisol
C) hGH
D) insulin
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following hormones causes a decrease in BP when the right atrium is streched? The hormone lowers BP by causing elimination of salt (sodium chloride).
A) Angiotensim II
B) Epinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Natriuretic peptide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following hormones is secreted by alpha cells?
A) cortisol
B) epinephrine
C) insulin
D) glucagon
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following hormones spare glucose by stimulating formation of new glucose from amino acids and lactic acid, conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage in live, and use of fat for energy to assure glucose availability for brain?
A) insulin
B) GH
C) cortisol
D) T4
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following hormones works in concert with other hormones to cause the formation of milk by the mammary glands?
A) T3
B) insulin
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an appropriate PCO2 for atmospheric air?
A) 0.003 mmHg
B) 0.03 mmHg
C) 0.3 mmHg
D) 3 mmHg
E) None of these |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is correct
A) Arteries have valves along their lengths
B) Blood flows from metarterioles into thoroughfare channels
C) Blood flow increases with decreased blood volume
D) Increased blood viscosity increases blood flow |
|
Definition
| B) Blood flows from metarterioles into thoroughfare channels |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is correct?
A) P-Wave follows the QRS complex
B) Increased venous return to the heart will lead to greater EDV and greater stroke volume
C) Increased filling time of a heartbeat will lead to a smaller EDV and lesser stroke volume
D) Eighty percent of the EDV is pumped into the ventricles during atrial systole. |
|
Definition
| B) Increased venous return to the heart will lead to greater EDV and greater stroke volume |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is likely the pressure gradient in arteries
A) 40 mmHg
B) 110 mmHg
C) 18 mmHg
D) 60 mmHg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?
A) blood sugar control
B) protein digestion
C) secretion of bicarbonate to buffer acid chyme
D) sucrose digestion
E) fat digestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a liver function?
A) Protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
B) bile secretion
C) phagocytosis
D) all are liver functions
E) none are liver functions |
|
Definition
| D) all are liver functions |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone?
A) prolactin
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) follicle stimulating hormone
D) cortisol
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true about anastomoses?
A) Arteries anastomoses with other arteries
B) Veins anastomoses with other veins
C) Arterioles anastomoses with venules
D) More than one of these is true
E) None of these is true |
|
Definition
| D) More than one of these is true |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true about the spleen?
A) It stores iron and platelets
B) It filters lymph
C) It's hormones activate T-cells
D) It has crypts |
|
Definition
| A) It stores iron and platelets |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true of blood?
A) Normal range of the adult volume is 2-5 Liters
B) Normally more than half the blood is composed of formed elements.
C) About 45%of plasma is water
D) Blood is about five times thicker than water |
|
Definition
| D) Blood is about five times thicker than water |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) Blood osmotic pressure decreases across a capillary bed.
B) Capillary hydrostatic pressure increases across a capillary bed
C) There is a net loss of albumins across a capillary bed
D) Capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases across a capillary bed |
|
Definition
| D) Capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases across a capillary bed |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) Starch digestion begins in the stomach.
B) PO2 in deoxygenated blood is about 40 mmHg
C) Magnesium of the heme combines with O2
D) The first part of the small intestine is the jejunum
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
| B) PO2 in deoxygenated blood is about 40 mmHg |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) The lower pH of the lungs helps to unload oxygen.
B) The higher level of BPG in the tissues favors unloading.
C) The higher temperature of the tissues favors loading of oxygen.
D) The lower PO2 of the lungs favors loading.
E) none of the above |
|
Definition
| B) The higher level of BPG in the tissues favors unloading. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is/are part of the large intestine?
A) cecum
B) appendix
C) rectum
D) A&B
E) All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following makes the most hemoglobin?
A) Proerythroblasts
B) Erythrocytes
C) Erythroblasts
D) Reticulocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following occurs during the aortic/carotid (left heart) refles when the BP is too high?
A) Proprioceptors are stimulated esulting in increased cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction
B) Baroreceptors are stimulated resulting in increased cradiac output and peripheral vasodilation
C) Baroreceptors are stimulated resulting in decreased cradiac output and peripheral vasodilation
D) Baroreceptors are inhibited resulting in increased cradiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction |
|
Definition
| C) Baroreceptors are stimulated resulting in decreased cradiac output and peripheral vasodilation |
|
|
Term
Which of the following return blood to the heart
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Arterioles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following stimulates glycogen break-down, formation of new sugar and transport of sugar from the liver to the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following types of capillaries form the blood brain barrier?
A) Fenestrated
B) Continuous
C) Sinusoidal
D) Hemorrhoidal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following WBC have the second highest differential range?
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils
E Lymphocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following will cause an increase in blood flow at a given peripheral resistance
A) Decreased blood volume
B) Increased blood pressure
C) Decreased cardiac output
D) Decreased stroke volume |
|
Definition
| B) Increased blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Which organ is both endocrine and exocrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which pancreatic hormone is secreted when blood glucose is rising after a meal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which sequence of events best describes inspiration (inhalation)?
A) Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, increase in intrapulmonary pressure.
B) Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decrease in intrapulmonary pressure.
C) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decrease in intrapulmonary pressure.
D) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, increase in intrapulmonary pressure. |
|
Definition
| C) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decrease in intrapulmonary pressure. |
|
|
Term
Which statment about red blood cells is false?
A) Red cells are biconcave
B) Red cells are around 8um in diameter
C) Red cells form stacks called rouleaux
D) RBC whole count is 4-6 thousand per microliter |
|
Definition
| D) RBC count is 4-6 million per microliter |
|
|
Term
| Which structure has a cricoid cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of sugar diabetes results the development of insulin (decrease in sensitivity of cells to insulin)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Widespread vasoconstriction causes arterial blood pressure to... |
|
Definition
|
|
