Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final Review
Final Review
178
Anatomy
11th Grade
05/19/2013
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the
 Definition
bladder
Term
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
 Definition
peristalsis
Term
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
 Definition
pancreas
Term
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
 Definition
filtration
Term
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except
 Definition
absorption of monosacchharides
Term
Functions of the tongue include all of the following, except
 Definition
partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx
Term
_____ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.
 Definition
Three
Term
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the
 Definition
uvula
Term
The connections of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the
 Definition
lingual frenulum
Term
Parietal cells secrete
 Definition
hydrochloric acid
Term
Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?
 Definition
cardia
Term
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
 Definition
body
Term
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
 Definition
pyloris
Term
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
 Definition
rugae
Term
The enzyme pepsin digests
 Definition
proteins
Term
_____ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.
 Definition
Molars
Term
Plicae and intestinal villi
 Definition
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
Term
The villi are most developed in the
 Definition
jejunum
Term
The pylorus empties into the
 Definition
duodenum
Term
The human liver is composed of ______ lobe(s).
 Definition
four
Term
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
 Definition
lobule
Term
______ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging toward a central vein.
 Definition
Hepatocytes
Term
The Kupffer cells of the liver
 Definition
all of the above
Term
The pancreas produces
 Definition
all of the above
Term
The structure that marks the division between the right and left loves of the liver is the
 Definition
falciform ligament
Term
Bile is stored in the
 Definition
gallbladder
Term
The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the
 Definition
common bile duct
Term
The middle segment of the small intestine is the
 Definition
jejunum
Term
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the
 Definition
ileum
Term
Plicae circukares are
 Definition
circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine
Term
This organ is primarily responsible for water absorption.
 Definition
large intestine
Term
All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it
 Definition
recycles bile
Term
The part of the small intestine most likely to develop an ulcer from exposure to gastric juices is the
 Definition
duodenum
Term
The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients is the
 Definition
jejuum
Term
Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of
 Definition
fats
Term
A small, wormlike, structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the
 Definition
appendix
Term
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
 Definition
mouth
Term
Urine is eliminated through the
 Definition
urethra
Term
Renal columns are
 Definition
bundles of tissues that extend between pyramids from the cortex
Term
The process of filtration occurs at
 Definition
the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
Term
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?
 Definition
tip of the medullary pyramid
Term
The left kidney lies ______ to the right kidney
 Definition
superior
Term
The _______ delivers urine to the minor caylx.
 Definition
papillary duct
Term
The filtration of plasma takes place in the
 Definition
renal corpuscle
Term
The detrusor muscle
 Definition
compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra
Term
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the
 Definition
efferent anteriole
Term
Functions of the urinary system include
 Definition
all of the above
Term
Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except
 Definition
proteins
Term
The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of
 Definition
capillaries
Term
The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the
 Definition
renal pelvis
Term
Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the
 Definition
renal corpuscle
Term
A glomerulus is
 Definition
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle
Term
The urine first passes from the glomerular capsule to the
 Definition
proximal convoluted tubule
Term
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the
 Definition
distal convoluted tubule
Term
The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the
 Definition
nephron loop (loop of Henle)
Term
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
 Definition
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water
Term
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
 Definition
the ureters
Term
Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except the
 Definition
rectum
Term
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
 Definition
hilum
Term
Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called
 Definition
pyramids
Term
Agents that increase urine excretion are known as
 Definition
diuretics
Term
If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true?
 Definition
It will contain large amounts of urobilin
Term
Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?
 Definition
collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
Term
The _______ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
 Definition
central
Term
Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as
 Definition
telodendria
Term
_______ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system.
 Definition
Neuroglia
Term
Which of the following are properties of cerebrospinal fluid?
 Definition
all of the above
Term
The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the
 Definition
synapse
Term
The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the
 Definition
perikaryon
Term
Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called
 Definition
Nissl bodies
Term
The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated
 Definition
afferent
Term
The spinal cord consists of five regions and _______ segments.
 Definition
31
Term
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
 Definition
11 thoracic spinal nerves
Term
The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the
 Definition
dura mater
Term
The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the
 Definition
pia mater
Term
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the
 Definition
cerebellum
Term
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
 Definition
longitudinal fissure
Term
The white matter of the cerebellum forms the
 Definition
arbor vitae
Term
Compared to the vertebral column, the spinal cord is
 Definition
shorter
Term
Spinal nerves are
 Definition
both sensory and motor
Term
The spinal cord continues to elongate until about age
 Definition
4 years
Term
The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the
 Definition
spinal meninges
Term
The visual cortex is located in the
 Definition
occipital lobe
Term
The highest levels of information processing occur in the
 Definition
cerebrum
Term
The auditory cortex is located in the
 Definition
temporal lobe
Term
You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to
 Definition
smell his food
Term
There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves.
 Definition
12
Term
After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of _____ lobe.
 Definition
left frontal
Term
After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the
 Definition
occipital lobe
Term
The external ear ends at the
 Definition
tympanic membrane
Term
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
 Definition
insulin
Term
The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the
 Definition
auditory ossicles
Term
The part of the eye color is the
 Definition
iris
Term
The opening in the iris through which light passes is the
 Definition
pupil
Term
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by
 Definition
changing shape
Term
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
 Definition
right atrium
Term
The ______ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
 Definition
bicuspid
Term
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
 Definition
heart
Term
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the
 Definition
sinoatrial node
Term
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart
(order of numbers)
 Definition
4,3,2,5,1
Term
The heart is roughly the size of
 Definition
a man's clenched fist
Term
______ is to slow heart rate as _______ is to fast heart rate.
 Definition
Bradycardia; tachycardia
Term
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the
 Definition
foramen ovale
Term
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
 Definition
pulmonary valve
Term
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because
 Definition
both A and C
Term
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow
 Definition
in one direction only
Term
The function of the atrium is to
 Definition
both A and D
Term
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart
 Definition
5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6
Term
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
 Definition
lungs
Term
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
 Definition
right and left lungs
Term
The left ventricle pumps blood to the
 Definition
aorta
Term
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ______ valve.
 Definition
tricuspid
Term
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the
 Definition
right ventricle
Term
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located
 Definition
between the left atrium and left ventricle
Term
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
 Definition
left atrium
Term
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
 Definition
chordae tendineae
Term
Which of the following is a function of the blood?
 Definition
all of the above
Term
The most abundant white blood cells are
 Definition
neutrophils
Term
A person with Type A blood has
 Definition
A and B only
Term
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
 Definition
their blood lacks A or B agglutinins
Term
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
 Definition
neutrophils
Term
_______ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their tie outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
 Definition
Monocytes
Term
The most abundant component of plasma is
 Definition
water
Term
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is
 Definition
4 months
Term
More thhan 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
 Definition
hemoglobin
Term
______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
 Definition
Anemia
Term
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
 Definition
viscosity about the same as water
Term
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
 Definition
pressure drops
Term
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
 Definition
arterioles dilate
Term
Blood pressure is highest here
 Definition
artery
Term
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
 Definition
capillaries
Term
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
 Definition
lungs
Term
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
 Definition
venules
Term
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
 Definition
veins
Term
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.
 Definition
vein
Term
Blood pressure is lowest in the
 Definition
veins
Term
Pulmonary veins carry blood to the
 Definition
left atrium
Term
Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the
 Definition
upper respiratory tract.
Term
The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during the swallowing is the
 Definition
epiglottis.
Term
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
 Definition
bound to hemoglobin.
Term
_____ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.
 Definition
Tidal volume
Term
_____ is the amount of air that can inhale above the resting tidal volume.
 Definition
Inspiratory reserve volume
Term
If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's
 Definition
vital capacity.
Term
The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the
 Definition
trachea
Term
The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
 Definition
alveoli
Term
When the diaphragm and external intercoastal muscle contract,
 Definition
the volume of the thorax increases
Term
Pulmonary ventilation refers to the
 Definition
movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Term
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
 Definition
pharynx
Term
The glottis is
 Definition
the opening to the larynx
Term
The vocal folds are located within the
 Definition
larynx
Term
Sperm production occurs in the
 Definition
seminiferous tubules
Term
Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus.
 Definition
4,1,3,2
Term
The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the
 Definition
ductus deferens
Term
The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the
 Definition
prostate gland
Term
The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called
 Definition
meiosis
Term
The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the
 Definition
uterine tube
Term
The average length of the menstrual cycle is
 Definition
28 days
Term
Which of the following glands secretes fructose to nourish the sperm?
 Definition
seminal glands (seminal vesicles)
Term
The ______ is the rounded portion of the uterine body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes.
 Definition
fundus
Term
A primary spermatocyte matures into ______ spermatids having _______ chromosomes.
 Definition
four;23
Term
The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the
 Definition
infundibulum
Term
The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the
 Definition
uterus
Term
The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the
 Definition
cervix
Term
The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the
 Definition
myometrium
Term
The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the
 Definition
bulbo-urethral glands
Term
The ______ is the largest portion of the uterus.
 Definition
body
Term
Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease?
 Definition
None of the above-all are STDs
Term
After fertilization, the first cell division is completed
 Definition
more than a day later
Term
Polyspermy results in
 Definition
a nonfunctional zygote
Term
The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth and fat deposition is the ______ trimester.
 Definition
third
Term
The penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as
 Definition
implantation
Term
Which of the following is one of the critical events of the first trimester?
 Definition
cleavage
Term
All of the following occur during pregnancy, except that
 Definition
a woman's bladder capacity increases
Term
The neonatal period extends
 Definition
for the first month of life
Term
By the end of gestation, maternal blood volume normally increases by almost _____ percent.
 Definition
50
Term
The infancy stage of life is considered to be over at
 Definition
age 2
Term
The period of gestation when the rudiments of all major organ systems are established is the ______ trimester.
 Definition
first
Term
The process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of the zygote among blastomeres is called
 Definition
cleavage
Supporting users have an ad free experience!