Small proteinaceous appendages in bacteria that function in DNA exchange are called conjugation:

a. fimbraie

b. pili

c. inclusions

d. plasmids

Chemotaxis is best defined as directed:

a. reproduction

b. proetein systhesis

c.metabolism

d. movement

1. shaped like a corckscrew

2. variation in shape

3.curved (comma-shaped) rod)

4. spherical bacterial in long chains

5. small rod or flattened sphere shape

a. coccobacillus

b. pleopmorphic

c. streptococci

d.spirilla

e.vibrio

1. D, spirilla

2. B, pleomorphic

3. E, vibrio

4. A, streptococci

5. C, coccobacillus

True or False

Bacteria can have on to dozens of chromosomes, depending on the species

True or False

The phospholipids of bacterial membranes contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

Which environmental condition favors the trophozoite form in protozoa?

a. lack of nutrients

b. high moisture

c.presence of drugs of chemicals

d.none of the above

A FUNGAL FILAMENT IS CALLLED AN:

a. mycelium

b. hypha

c.euphnium

d.spore

1. Pathogenic forms are usually spread in vectors

2. single celled with no cell wall

3. carry out photosynthesis

4. usually have hyphae

a. algae

b. protozoa

c.fungi

d.helminths

1.B, protozoa

2. B, protozoa

3. A, Algae

4. D, fungi

cestodes and trematodes are types of

a. fungi

b. bacteria

c.protozoa

d.helminths

most vectors are

a. insects

b. non-living

c.fungi

d.bacteria

True or False

Prokaryotes have DNA, but it is not contained inside a nucleues

True or False

Meiosis occurs in both sex cells and somatic (non-sex or body) cell

A naked virus is missing

a. capsid

b. nucleic acid

c. a cirion

d. an envenlope

Which is enzyme is required to be present in a minus strand RNA virus?

a. RNA- dependent RNA polymerase

b. DNA-dependent RNA polymearse

c.DNA dependent DNA polymerase

d.RNA dependent DNA polymerase

1. binds enveloped viruses to host cells

2.can consist of a protein coat and DNA

3. Formed from host cell membrane

4. Binds unenveloped viruses to hosts

a. capsid

b. nucleiocapsid

c.envenlope

d.spikes

1. D, spikes

2. B, nucleocapsid

3.C, envenlope

4. A, capsid

Animal (including human viruses usually penetrte a host cell by

a. injection

b. exocytosis

c.pili

d.endocytosis

The abnormal products of oncogenes have been shown to

a. enhance the antiviral activity of antiviral drugs

b. stimulate viral growth within bacteria

c.convert protein to DNA in viruses

d.encourage cell transformation in cancers

Host range refers to

a. types of viruses that a species can host

b. types of host a virus can infect

c.tyoes of viral nucleic acid

d.insects that carry a virus

True or False

The slow release of enveloped viruses over a long period of time is characteristic of a persistent infection

True or False

Viruses can contain DNA or DNA buth not both

True or False

Viral genes carry information to invade host cells and direct viral assembly, but cannot multiply without host cell machinery

1. Destruction of most microorganisms and viruses on non living surface.

2. removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standard

3.use of heat to slow spolage in foods and beverages.

4. reduction of all microorganism and viruses, espcially pathogens, on living tissue

5. deduction of all microorganism and viruses in or on an object.

a.anitsepsis

b.sterilization

c. disinfection

d. pasteurization

e. sanitization

1. C, disinfection

2. E, Sanitization

3. D pasteurization

4. A, antisepsis

5. B, sterilization

an autoclave use ______ to kill microorganisms

a. heat

b. pressure

c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b

Which of the following is most effective for sterilizing mattresses and plastic Petri dishes?

a. autoclaving

b. incineration

c. ethylene oxide gas

d. pasteurization

The pheno coefficient is an indicator of the ____ of an antimicorbial chemical

a. classification

b. strength

c. alcohol content

d. color

Silver nitrate is given to newborns in the hospital to prevent blindness. silver nitrate is an:

a. alohol

b. heavy metal

c. phenolic compound

d. halide

True or False

Gamma rays can be used to sterilize some items

True or False

A bactericidial compound prevents the groeth of bacteria but doesnt kill them

False

1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis

2. inhibit protein synthesis

3. disrupt cell membranes

4. inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

5. block production of folic acid

a. beta(symbol)-lactam drugs

b.polymyxin B

c. quinolones

d. aminoglycosides

e. sulfa drugs

1. A, Beta lactam drugs

2. D, aminoglycosides

3. B, polymyxin B

4. C, quinoles

5. E, sulfa drugs

A clear zone around an antibiotic disc on baceria-covered agar indicates the bacteria are ____ the drug

a. sensitive to

b. resistant to

c. reserviors of

d. not effected by

Which of the following is not a mechanism for antiviral drugs?

a. inhibits uncoating

b. inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

c. inhibits membrane synthesis

d. inhibits release of virus

The use of a drug to prevent imminet infection of a person at risk is called

a. anaphylaxis

b. narrow spectrum

c. prophylaxis

d. antisepsis

chloramphenicol binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, which interferes with

a. prokaryotic transcription

b. eukaryotic transcription

c. prokaryotic translation

d. eukaryotic translation

Resistance to antibacterial drugs can be obtained by

a. mutation

b. conjugation (plasmiod)

c. bacterial structure

d. all the above

a series of dilutions of antibiotics is made (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 etc.) and the same number of bacteria put in each tube. At 1/64, there is turbidity (cloudiness) in the tube. The minimum concertration is

a. 1/2

b.1/4

c. 1/32

d. 1/64

selecive toxicity means a drug is effective against ___ but not against __

a. gram +: gram -

b. bacteria: viruses

c. pathogens: host

d. viruses: bacteria

T or F

A broad spectrum antibiotic is active against a variety of pathogens

T or F

An R factor is a type of plasmid that confers antibiotic release

T or F

An antimicrobial drug that precents bacteria from increasing amount of peptidoglycan would be classified as bacteria

WHich of the foloowing is the substance referred to as endotoxin

a. streptolysin

b. cogulase

c.collagenase

d. lipopolysaccharide

Which of the following would be a symptom of a disease?

a. sore throat

b. chest sounds (rales)

c. skin rash

d. leukocytosis

Door knobs, money, toys, and toilet seats are all examples of

a. prophylactics

b. zoonose

c. vector

d. fomites

Which of the following is not a virulence factor?

a.toxins

b. adhesion factors

c.extracellular enzymes

d. anti-phagocytosis

e. all of these a virulent factors

A bacterial capsule

a. inhibits phagocytosis

b. acts as an enzyme

c. increase phagocystosis

d. is released by dead bacteria

Koch's postulate determines

a. if a microbe is an oppurtunist

b. if a microbe is a virus

c. if a persons immune system works

d. if a microbe causes disease

WHich of the following statements is the best definition of an pandemic?

a. it normally occurs in a given geographic area

b. it is a disease that occurs more frequently than usal for a geographical are or group of people

c. it occurs infrequently at not predictable time scatterd over a large area or population

d. it is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time

normal microbiota on the skin:

a. dont causes diesease ever

b. are oppurtunist only

c. can cause disease when the skin is broken

d. includes mostly viruses

Prope hand washing and asceptic techniques greatly reduce the likelihood of medical professionals serving as ____ carries

a.latent

b. active

c. passive

d. convalescent

which of the following has no normal flora?

a. distal (outer) uretha

b. bladder

c. skin

d. outer eye

Botulism toxin is released by clostridium perfringes, a gram positive rod.Botulism is an

a. exotoxin

b. endotoxin

c.extracellular enzyme

d. capsule component

Normal microbiota that can cause disease under certain cirumstances are

a.gram + bacteria only

b/ gram- bacteria only

c. oppurtunist

d.fungi only

T or F

convalescent carries cannot pass pathogens to suspectible hosts

T or F

Humans and microorganism can live in closse association without causing disease?

T or F

WHite blood cells capable of engulfing microorganism are called phagocytes

T or F

House flies can pick up pathogens on their legs and deposit them on food. House flies would be classified as biological, rather than mechanical, vectors