Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final Review Terms
Science Final flash cards
97
Physics
8th Grade
06/02/2009

Additional Physics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
quantative observation
Definition
measurements
Term
qualitative observation
Definition
descriptions that don't involve numbers or measurements
Term
inferring
Definition
explaining observations
Term
predicting
Definition
making a forecast about the what will in happen in the future based on past experience or evidence
Term
inquiry
Definition
the different ways scientists study the natural world; ongoing process of discovery inscience
Term
scientific inquiry
Definition
posing questions, developing hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting and interpreting data, drawing conclusions, and communicating ideas and results
Term
hypothesis
Definition
possible answer to a scientific question or explanation for a set of observations
Term
variables
Definition
factors that can change in an experiment
Term
manipulated variable
Definition
independent variable; purposely changed
Term
responding variable
Definition
dependent variable; expected to change because of the manipulated variable
Term
data
Definition
facts, figures, other evidence gathered through observations
Term
scientific law
Definition
statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions
Term
scientific theory
Definition
well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results
Term
technology
Definition
a way of changing the natural world to meet human needs or solve problems
Term
compound
Definition
a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined
Term
formula
Definition
a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in acompound
Term
atom
Definition
the smallest particle of an element
Term
weight
Definition
a measure of the force of gravity on an object
Term
mass
Definition
a measure of how much matter is an object
Term
volume
Definition
the amount of space that matter occupies
Term
density
Definition
the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume
Term
chemical bond
Definition
the force that holds two atoms together
Term
solid
Definition
a state of matter that has a definite volume and definite shape
Term
liquid
Definition
a state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape
Term
gas
Definition
a state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Term
Charles's law
Definition
the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure; when temperature increases, volume increases
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature; when volume increases, pressure decreases
Term
directly proportional
Definition
a term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point (0,0)
Term
vary inversely
Definition
a term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph form a curve that slolpes downward from left to right
Term
thermal energy
Definition
the total energy of a substance's or material's particles due to their movement or vibration
Term
nucleus
Definition
the central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons
Term
neutron
Definition
small uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Term
proton
Definition
small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Term
electron
Definition
a tiny, negatively charged, high-energy particle that moves in the space outside the nucleus of an atom
Term
atomic mass unit
Definition
a unit of measurement for the mass of particles in atoms
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
electron dot diagram
Definition
a representation of the number of valence electrons in an atom, using dots placed around the symbol of an element
Term
valence electron
Definition
the electrons that are farthest away from the nucleus of an atom and involved in chemical reactions
Term
isotope
Definition
an atom with the same number of porotons and different number of neutrons from other atoms of teh same element
Term
family
Definition
elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group
Term
period
Definition
horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Term
malleable
Definition
material that can be pounded into shapes
Term
ductile
Definition
material that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire
Term
diatomic molecule
Definition
a molecule composed of two atoms
Term
noble gas
Definition
an element in Group 18 of the periodic table
Term
halogen family
Definition
the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table
Term
ionic bond
Definition
the attraction between two oppositely charged ions
Term
covalent bond
Definition
a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Term
reference point
Definition
a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion
Term
motion
Definition
the state i nwhich one object's distance from another is changing
Term
speed
Definition
the distance an object travels in one unit of time
Term
velocity
Definition
speed in a given direction
Term
slope
Definition
the steepness, or slant, of a line on a graph
Term
acceleration
Definition
the rate at which velocity changes
Term
force
Definition
a push or pull
Term
friction
Definition
a force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other
Term
inertia
Definition
the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place
Term
centripetal force
Definition
a force that causes an object to move in a circle
Term
work
Definition
the product of force and distance when a force is used to move an object
Term
joule
Definition
a unit of work equal to one newton-meter
Term
ideal mechanical advantage
Definition
the mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction
Term
actual mechanical advantage
Definition
the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation
Term
efficiency
Definition
the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work
Term
inclined plane
Definition
a simple machine consisting a flat surface with one end higher than the other
Term
inclined plane
Definition
a simple machine consisting a flat surface with one end higher than the other
Term
wheel and axle
Definition
a simple machine consisting of two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rotate about a common axis
Term
wedge
Definition
a simple machine oconsisting of a device that is thick at one end and taperes to a thin edge at the other
Term
pulley
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable
Term
screw
Definition
a simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral
Term
lever
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a rigid object that pivots about a fixed point
Term
power
Definition
the rate at which work is done or the rate at which one form of energy is converted into another
Term
potential energy
Definition
energy that is stored and held in readiness
Term
energy
Definition
the ability to do work or cause change, such as moving an object some distance
Term
gravitational potential energy
Definition
potential energy that depends on the height of the object
Term
mechanical advantage
Definition
the number of times the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy an object has because of its motion
Term
energy conversion
Definition
the process of changing one form of energy into another
Term
rotation
Definition
the spinning of Earth on its axis
Term
revolution
Definition
the movement of one object around another
Term
orbit
Definition
path
Term
lunar eclipse
Definition
a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun
Term
solar eclipse
Definition
occurs when moon passes directly between Earth and sun
Term
maria
Definition
hardened rock formed from huge lava flows that occurred between three and four billion years ago
Term
craters
Definition
large round pits formed by volcanoes or impacts of meteoroids
Term
geostationary orbit
Definition
when a satellite orbits Earth above the equator at the same rate as Earth rotates and thus stays over the same place on Earth all the time
Term
ellipse
Definition
oval shape, which may be elongated or nearly circular
Term
astronomical unit
Definition
equals Earth's average distance from the sun
Term
nuclear fusion
Definition
process by which sun produces energy
Term
photosphere
Definition
the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
Term
chromosphere
Definition
the middle layer of the sun's atmoshere; color sphere
Term
solar wind
Definition
increased by solar flare which can cause magnetic storms on Earth
Term
electromagnetic radiation
Definition
energy that can travel through space in the form of waves
Term
Hertzspurng-Russel diagram
Definition
the graph used by astronomers to find the relationship between temperature and the absolute brightness of stars
Term
white dwarf
Definition
the core of the original store cooled
Term
neutron star
Definition
remians of high-mass stars; small and dense
Term
black hole
Definition
object with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape
Term
galaxy
Definition
huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
Supporting users have an ad free experience!