Term
| Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) |
|
Definition
average perfusion pressure created by arterial blood pressure.
-normal 70-100. keep above 60!
inc HOB dec MAP and CPP |
|
|
Term
| Central Venous Pressure (CVP) |
|
Definition
Right sided preload
--reflection of overall fluid balance
-normal 2-6 mmhg |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Artery Pressure |
|
Definition
20-30 over 10-19
this is the blood pressure of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure |
|
Definition
left sided preload
-6-12 mmhg |
|
|
Term
| systemic vascular resistance |
|
Definition
L heart afterload
800-1200 dynes |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance |
|
Definition
right heart afterload
50-200 dynes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heart rate X SV ===(preload+afterload+contractility)
4-8 l/min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cardiac output divided by BSA
more accurate to the individual
-normal: 2.4-4 L/min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determined by
-preload, afterload and contractility
normal is 60-70 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the stretch of the heart or force of contraction
measured by Ejection Fraction
-60-70 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
end diastolic vent volume
affected by volume and compliance of the muscle (stiff)
--- JVD for increased and FVD for decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
resistance needed to overcome to push blood out of the heart
-into lungs or into systemic circulation |
|
|
Term
| Meds that decrease heart rate |
|
Definition
BB
CCB- diltizem, verapamil and nifedipine
digoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relieved with NGT and follows usual pattern
-75% occlusion of vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MONA (ONAM)
--severe is over 20 min not relieved by NTG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Troponin: cardiac specific
-onset: 2-4 hrs, peak: 24-36 hrs and dur: 7-14 days
CKMB: non cardio specific
-onset: 4-6 hrs, Peak: 10-24, duration: 48-72 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acetyl Salicylic Acid
antiplatelet
also heparin!! but later |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation of coronary arteries
-administer before morphine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vasodialtion! and pain relief |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
failure of the heart to pump for demand
PROGRESSIVE
-hypertension, DM, PVD, rheumatic fever and toxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leads to right
-SOB!
-Lungs: crackles, confusion/restless, dyspnea, cyanosis
-S4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systemic back up, doesnt lead to left.
-JVD, peripherial edema, WT GAIN |
|
|
Term
| CHF compensatory Mechanisms |
|
Definition
SNS- inc HR and BP and shunting to vital organs
-increased glycolysis ie inc blood glucose
RAAS- potent vasoconstriction, inc blood volume
----cause ventricular remodeling if overcompensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brain naturtic peptides
-released during muscle stretch
>100 CHF suspect
>1000 is CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-impaired gas exchange r/t V/Q mismatch and interpulmonary shunt
-dec CO r/t dec preload and alteration in contractility and alteration in rate
-activity intolerance r/t cardiopulmonary dysfunction
-anxitey and disturbed sleep pattern |
|
|
Term
Cardiomyopathy
def
and causes |
|
Definition
diseased myocardium leading to dec contraction and perfusion
-weakening or inflammation of heart muscle
--dec contraction leads to dec EF
causes: CAD, DM, MI, alcoholism HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dilation of both ventricles and increased scar tissue
dec contractility
-dec SV and CP and inc HR |
|
|
Term
Dilated cardiomyopathy
treatments |
|
Definition
diruetics
Na restriction
ACE inhibitor (vasodilation to dec BP)
BB, Nitro, inotropes |
|
|
Term
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
def |
|
Definition
large size but not increased filling room!
-intraventricular hypertrophy
genetic and affects young patients
---- no inotropes |
|
|
Term
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
sx |
|
Definition
mild cardiomegley
dyspnea
angina
fatigue
-sudden death from v tach
S4 heart sound-systolic murmer |
|
|
Term
| restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
walls stiff but not thickened
=fibrosis and dec stretch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
widened QRS and enlarged heart
Dyspnea
syncope
SOB with exertion
CHF sx |
|
|
Term
Cardiomyopathy
treatments |
|
Definition
diuretics
Na restriction
vasodilators- ACEI, BB, CCB ect
stop smoking and start exercising
report gain of 2 lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-decreased cardiac output r/t dec preload, inc afterload and dysrhytmia
-impaired gas exchange r/t V/Q mismatch and interpulmonary shunting
-activity intolerance |
|
|
