Term
| Why are groups homogeneous (alike in age, sex, beliefs, and opinions)? |
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Definition
| People who are already similar to each other will join. Evolutionary pressures caused people with similar genes to join groups. Groups encourage similarity in their members. |
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Term
| Group cohesiveness is best defined as |
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Definition
| qualities that bind members together and promote liking between members. |
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Term
| You are trying to decide whether to take a test in a lecture hall where you will be surrounded by lots of other people, or in a room by yourself. Assuming you have studied for the test and know the material, you should take the test in the ______ because it will result in_______. |
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Definition
| classroom; social facilitation |
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Term
| The tendency to engage in social loafing is stronger in ______ than ______; it is also stronger in ________ than________. |
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Definition
| men, women; Western cultures, Asian cultures |
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Term
| On his way back from class, Matt encounters an angry mob ready to storm the dining hall to demand better food. Matt likes the food as it is and wants to stop the mob. What would be the most effective solution? |
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Definition
| Finding a friend in the group, calling bout her name, and talking to her loudly about an upcoming test. |
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Term
| Four psychology students working on a group project together are trying to figure out how they should avoid groupthink when making decisions about which information to include in their project. Which of these ideas would be the least helpful? |
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Definition
| Bonding by going to see a movie together before starting the project. |
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Term
| Bill and Pam, a married couple, are buying a house and have narrowed their choice down to two options. Bill remembers that one house had a beautiful kitchen; Pam, however, remembers that there were roaches in the broom closet. By sharing this information with each other, Pam and Bill are using ______ to avoid _______. |
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Definition
| transactive memory; process loss |
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Term
| Which of the following is least likely to lead to process loss in a group? |
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Definition
| The group members have never met before. |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of a commons dilemma? |
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Definition
| Each fisherman is better off fishing as much as he can, but if they all do that, the fish will be depleted and all fishermen will suffer. |
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Term
| When is communication most effective for resolving conflict? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a way that evolutionary theory explains prosocial behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amy is walking across campus and sees someone on her hands and knees looking for a ring that slipped off her finger. Which of the following is false, according to the empathy-altruism hypothesis? Amy |
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Definition
| feels empathy toward the person, but she doesn't think she has much to gain by helping, so she decides not to help the person look for the ring. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a reason that being in a good mood tends to increase prosocial behavior? |
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Definition
| Good moods make us pay more attention to social norms, so we will be more aware of the altruism norm. |
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Term
| Frank has recently graduated from college and moves from NYC back to the small town of Connecticut where he was born. He now finds that he is much more inclined to engage in prosocial behavior. What is the most likely reason fro this change? |
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Definition
| The change in his immediate surroundings changed his likelihood of helping. |
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Term
| Luke listened to a lecture in his history class that he found very confusing , but at the end of the class when the professor asked whether there was anything students didn't understand, Luke didn't raise his hand. Because there were no other hands raised, Luke assumed that other students had understood the material and that he just didn't pay enough attention. In fact many students hadn't understood the material and were in the same situation as Luke. This is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
| Research on prosocial behavior finds that religious people |
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Definition
| actually help more than nonreligious people only if it puts them in a good light to themselves or others. |
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Term
| People in interdependent cultures, compared to Westerners, are |
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Definition
| more likely to help in-group members, but less likely to help out-group members. |
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Term
| Meghan lives in a single room in a college dormitory. Late one night she hears a scream coming from just outside her dorm. She is pretty sure that the person needs help because the person yelled, "Help me! I think I broke my leg!" Meghan goes back to sleep, only to find out the next day that the person was on the ground for 45 minutes before someone helped. Which of the following best explains why Meghan didn't help? |
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Definition
| A diffusion of responsibility. |
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Term
| Which of the following is true about prosocial beavior? |
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Definition
| How often people have moved from one place to another influences how helpful they are. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not true about prosocial behavior? |
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Definition
| Having an altruistic personality is a strong predictor of helping behavior. |
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Term
| _________ agression stems from feelings of anger and is aimed at inflicting pain whereas _____ agrees ion serves as a means to some goal other than pain. |
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Definition
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Term
| A lack of which of the following brain chemicals is associated with agression? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following gender differences in aggression is false? |
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Definition
| When women do commit acts of overt aggression, they tend to feel less guilt or anxiety about such acts than men do. |
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Term
| Which of the following people is most likely to act aggressively toward someone who insults him? |
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Definition
| Ray, who grew up in Texas. |
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Term
| Under which of the following conditions is John least likely to be aggressive? |
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Definition
| He likes to look at nonviolent pictures of nude women who are not involved in sexual activity. |
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Term
| Which of the following is false? |
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Definition
| Television advertising works better when it is shown during violent shows than nonviolent shows. |
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Term
| Jim has recently been convicted in a highly publicized assault case. When asked by the press, he offers many reasons for his aggressiveness. Which of the following of Jim's arguments would a social psychologist find the least convincing (based upon research on aggression)? |
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Definition
| "I grew up in a very cold climate in Minnesota." |
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Term
| Brandon is furious at Whit for forgetting his birthday. To diffuse his anger, Brandon should |
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Definition
| write about his feelings privately for 20 minutes a day for a few days |
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Term
| John is an easily angered man who displays a lot of aggression toward other people. If one of his New Year's resolutions is o be less aggressive, what would be the best approach for him to take? |
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Definition
| He should try to empathize with the person who is making him angry and apologize for his aggressive behavior |
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Term
| Suppose you want to reduce the chances that your children will act in aggressive ways toward other people. Which of the following is least likely to work? |
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Definition
| Encourage them to play sports where they can vent their frustrations on the playing field. |
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Term
| According to realistic conflict theory, prejudice and discrimination are likely to increase when: |
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Definition
| there is competition over jobs in a country |
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Term
| Rebecca is covering her college's football game against its archival for the school newspaper. At the game, she interviews several students from her college, but decides she only needs to interview one or two students from the rival school to understand the general opinion of students at the rival school. Rebecca is demonstrating: |
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Definition
| a perception of out-group homogeneity |
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Term
| Because the number of blatant acts of prejudice and discrimination in the the United States has declined sharply, and because affirmative action has provided women and minorities access to opportunities previously withheld, there has been |
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Definition
| a gradual increase in the self-esteem of women and minority group members |
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Term
| Suppose you're a bartender and observe occasional fights at your establishment. Although you don't know very many people with visible tattoos, it seems to you that people with tattoos are more likely to get into fights than people without tattoos. But you are wrong; people with visible tattoos have not been more likely to get into fights. Based on the research discussed in this chapter, your faulty memory is most likely due to: |
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Definition
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Term
| According to social psychological research, racism in America today: |
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Definition
| has decreased more at the controlled level than at the automatic level |
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Term
| At a party, Sam makes negative comments about gays and lesbians. According to research in social psychology, which of the following is least likely to explain Sam's behavior? |
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Definition
| Same had high self-esteem and felt very secure about his own sexuality. |
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Term
| According to social psychological research, which of the following is least likely to prevent Sam from making similar negative comments about gays and lesbians in the future? |
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Definition
| Sam finds out that a member of a rival fraternity is gay. |
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Term
| Melissa, a high school senior, doesn't get in to the college she wants to attend. She blames this on affirmative action, and starts to act aggressively toward the minority students at her school. Melissa's aggression can best be explained by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is least true about race and stereotyping, from a social psychological perspective? |
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Definition
| Evolutionary theory holds that different human races have different genetic makeups that cause them to adopt different social behaviors. |
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Term
| Increasing contact between groups will reduce prejudice if all of the following conditions are met except one. Which one? |
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Definition
| Higher status of the minority group. |
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