Term
Environments for blood cultures |
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Definition
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Term
Why don't you put blood cultures in fridge? |
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Definition
fastidious organisms may be present |
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Term
Incubation and temperature for blood cultures |
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Definition
37oC blood culture incubator for 5 days |
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Term
How does the incubator know if there is bacteria? |
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Definition
The incubator detects any metabolic activity in the bottle by changes in O2 or CO2 concentration |
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Term
False positives in blood cultures |
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Definition
respiration of white blood cells that are in high number in the culture |
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Term
What happens when a blood culture bottle is positive? |
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Definition
. A needle is aseptically inserted into the bottle and blood is extracted to be gram stained and subbed onto blood, chocolate & Macconkey agar. |
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Term
What to plates to add if GPC or GNR are seen in blood culture? |
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Definition
a selective plate (CNA or PEA) is added |
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Term
What do selective plates in blood cultures allow for? |
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Definition
isolation of the gram positive organism in the event that the gram negative rod is a swarming Proteus sp |
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Term
What if GPC in pairs and chains are seen in a blood culture? |
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Definition
a blood plate with a Taxo P optichin disc is set up to rule out S. pneumoniae at 24 hours |
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Term
What if yeast are seen in a blood culture? |
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Definition
Sabaroud’s Dextrose agar for fungus is inoculated. |
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Term
What do you cleanse the puncture site of the blood culture bottle with? |
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Definition
70% isopropyl alcohol, iodine or chlorhexidine solution |
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Term
How much blood is collected from an adult for a blood culture? |
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Definition
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Term
How much blood is collected from an child for a blood culture? |
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Definition
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Term
What does times 2 order blood culture mean? |
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Definition
For adults, an aerobic and anaerobic bottle make one set. These cultures are drawn at one site, while the other set is drawn at a different site, 10-20 minutes apart |
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Term
What does x2 blood culture help to determine? |
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Definition
bacterial findings are the true source of a blood infection or a skin contaminant. |
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Term
Why do children only get one blood culture bottle drawn? |
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Definition
lower blood volume of infants. |
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Term
skin contaminants in blood cultures |
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Definition
Diptheroids, Proprionibacterium, Bacillus sp, Coag - staph, strep viridins |
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Term
Bacteria that infects catheter tip? |
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Definition
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Term
indicator of GI carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
What can LPS in GNRs cause? |
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Definition
This endotoxin can cause septic shock and activate clotting factors resulting in DIC |
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Term
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Definition
surrounds the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
How much CSF is collected? |
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Definition
5-10 mL are collected in 4 sterile tubes for laboratory analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
designated for chemistry testing |
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Term
Tube 2 or 3 in CSF collection |
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Definition
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Term
tube 3 or 4 in CSF collection |
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Definition
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Term
Why should we not refrigerate CSF micro specimens? |
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Definition
presence of fastidious pathogens |
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Term
How do microorganisms enter the CSF? |
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Definition
a traumatic event, via a CNS shunt, the blood stream, oral cavity, ear, sinus or respiratory infection or through nerve transmission (rabies, herpes). |
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Term
What do you do if the CSF specimen is clear and more than 1 mL in volume |
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Definition
centrifuged at 2500 -3000 rpm for 10 minutes before being processed |
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Term
How do you culture CSF sediment? |
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Definition
to a blood, chocolate and Macconkey plate along with a thioglycollate broth and incubated in CO2. Along with a gram stain or cytospin |
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Term
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Definition
sterile with ‘no organisms seen’. |
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Term
Clinical findings in bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
high white blood cell count (neutrophils), high CSF protein, low CSF glucose level |
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Term
Clinical findings in viral meningitis |
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Definition
high white blood cell count (lymphocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
Hemophilus influenza type B (Hib) N. meningitis - meningococcus (military barracks & college dorms) S. pneumonia – pneumococcus (CSF or urine EIA Ag test available) Listeria monocytogenes S. aureus Enterics Group B Strep – newborns |
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Term
How are sterile fluids obtained? |
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Definition
with a syringe by a physician and sent to the lab in a sterile container. |
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Term
environments for sterile fluids |
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Definition
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Term
Should sterile fluids be refrigerated? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
blood, chocolate and Macconkey plates as well as a thioglycollate broth |
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Term
Gram stain for sterile fluids? |
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Definition
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Term
Clear fluids >1mL in volume for sterile fluids |
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Definition
centrifuged before culturing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
excess fluid resulting from inflammation. |
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Term
The normal finding for all blood cultures and fluids |
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Definition
no organisms seen. These are naturally sterile sites |
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Term
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Definition
S. epidermidis S. aureus S. pneumonia Beta hemolytic Strep H. influenza N. gonorrhea Enterobacteriaceae P. aeruginosa Acinetobacter spp. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) Mycobacterium spp. Anaerobes Fungus |
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Term
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Definition
infection by trauma or abrasion |
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Term
How are wound cultures received? |
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Definition
swabs, in sterile containers as an abscess exudate or in the form of a tissue or bone biopsy. |
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Term
What do you do with large pieces of wound culture? |
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Definition
tissue are cut with a scalpel and ground in a tissue grinder |
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Term
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Definition
Coagulase negative staph Diptheroids Proprionibactierium |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus aureus (most common) Group A strep (Impetigo, flesh eating bacteria) Enterococcus spp. Enterobacteriaceae P. aeruginosa Eikenella corrodens (human bite) Pasturella multocida (cat & dog bites) Vibrio vulnificus (salt water wounds) Bacillus anthrasis (wool sorter’s disease) Erysipelothrix sp. Fungus, Parasites & Viruses |
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Term
Bacterial isolates from deep wounds and abscesses |
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Definition
often anaerobic pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Actinomyces spp 2. Bacteroides spp. 3. Clostridium spp. 4. Bifidobacterium 5. Fusobacterium spp. 6. Peptococcus spp. 7. Peptostreptococcus spp. 8. Proprionibacterium spp. 9. Prevotella spp. 10. Veillonella spp. |
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Term
How do respiratory cultures arrive to the lab? |
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Definition
form of expectorated or induced sputum |
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Term
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Definition
Lukens tube or a bronchial lavage in a sterile container. |
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Term
What are respiratory specimens plated to? |
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Definition
The specimen is plated to a blood, chocolate and Macconkey plate. Gram stains are done routinely on respiratory cultures |
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Term
Respiratory gram stains are assessed based on |
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Definition
number to epithelial and white cells present. |
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Term
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Definition
>25 squamous epithelial cells/LPF in the absence of white cells |
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Term
a good respiratory specimen |
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Definition
The presence of white cells and columnar epithelial cells |
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Term
Exception in respiratory specimen |
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Definition
no white cells because patient is neutropenic |
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Term
Infant respiratory specimens |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Coagulase negative staph 2. Micrococcus sp. 3. S. aureus 4. Diphtheroids 5. Strep viridans 6. Enteroococcus spp. 7. Neisseria spp. 8. Haemophilus spp. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Streptococcus pneumonia 2. Beta hemolytic strep 3. Staphylococcus aureus 4. Haemophilus influenza 5. Neisseria meningitis 6. Moraxilla catarrhalis 7. Enterobacteiacae 8. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9. Acinetobacter spp. 10. Burkholderia cepacia 11. Bordetella pertussis – specialized media, DFA 12. Corynebacterium diphtheria – specialized media 13. Corynebacterium jekeium 14. Legionella spp. – Urine Ag EIA test 15. Mycobacterium spp. 16. Nocardia spp. 17. Mycoplasma pneumonia - EIA 18. Fungus 19. Parasites 20. Viruses |
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