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Final Practical
Study Guide
46
Microbiology
Graduate
04/20/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Explain the major difference between viruses and other microorganisms
Definition
The major difference between viruses and other microorganisms is viruses cannot replicate with a host organism, while microorganisms can replicate themselves.
Term
What is the composition & purpose of viral transport media?
Definition
The purpose of viral transport media is to keep the human cell culture alive in order to support the virus and keep it alive for identification. The transport media contains proteins, sugars and salts to keep the cells alive.
Term
Susceptible patients Hepatitis panel
Definition
no antibodies or antigens to any hepatitis because their immune system has never seen it before.
Term
Immune due to natural infection Hepatitis panel
Definition
Total anti-HBc and anti-HBs, the antigen is not present because the patient is not currently infected with hepatitis, but the patient has antibodies to the core and surface because he was previously infected.
Term
Immune due to hepatitis vaccination Hepatitis panel
Definition
anti-HBs, because the vaccine only has the surface antigens, so the patient can only make antibodies to the surface of the virus. The patient does not have core antibodies or hepatitis antigen because he is not currently infected and has never seen the core of the virus.
Term
Acutely infected Hepatitis panel
Definition
, Total anti-HBc, IgM anti-HBc, the antigen is present because the patient is infected, the antibody to the core is present because the virus has exposed its core and the IgM is present because it’s an acute infection. There is no antibody to the surface of the virus because it is not circulating it is infecting the cells.
Term
Other Hepatitis panel
Definition
HBsAg (-), Total anti-HBc (+) and anti-HBs (-)- (1) recovering from acute (2) test is not sensitive enough to detect low serum anti-HBs (3) susceptible with false positive and (4) chronic infection with no detectable HBsAg
Term
Distinguish between a shell vial and a cell culture techniques for virus isolation.
Definition
The shell vial differs from the cell culture in that the shell vial is a mixture of the cell culture and immunofluorescence. The shell vial contains a layer of cell line at the bottom, and it allows for rapid ID via immunofluorescence by utilizing a high speed centrifuge to increase the rate of viral attachment.
Term
Latex Agglutination
Definition
agglutination of latex particles coated with antibody molecules when exposed to corresponding antigen
Term
Flocculation
Definition
antigen-antibody test in which a precipitin end product forms macroscopically or microscopically visible clumps
Term
ELISA
Definition
an immunologic assay that uses an enzyme conjugated to antibodies to produce a visible endpoint
Term
Western Blot
Definition
antigenic proteins of an organism are separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to membrane filters. Antiserum is allowed to react with the filters, and specific antibody bound to its homologous antigen is detected using labeled anti-antibody detectors
Term
Immunofluorescence
Definition
microscopic method of determining the presence or location of an antigen (or antibody) by demonstrating fluorescence when the preparation is exposed to a fluorescein-tagged antibody (or antigen) using ultraviolet radiation
Term
PCR
Definition
a method for expanding small discrete sections of DNA by binding DNA primers to sections at the ends of the DNA to be expanded and using cycles of heat (to create single-stranded DNA) and cooler temperatures (to allow DNA polymerase enzyme to create new section of DNA between the primer ends)
Term
Explain how a blood culture incubator detects metabolic activity.
Definition
The incubator detects and metabolic activity in the bottle by changes in O2 or CO2 concentration.
Term
Explain the proper technique for collecting blood cultures.
Definition
Blood culture bottles should be collected in two sets of 2 tubes (anaerobic and aerobic) from two different sites of the body. Puncture site has to be cleaned with 70% isopropyl alcohol, iodine, or chlorhexidine solution and then 10-20mL of blood are collected for each tube. 1-5 mL for an infant.
Term
List the advantage of a cytospin smear over a standard gram stain of a body fluid.
Definition
A cytospin concentrates the bacteria present in a supposedly sterile fluid. If you do a gram stain you might miss the bacteria if it is present in a low concentration.
Term
nterpret laboratory data that indicate bacterial meningitis
Definition
Bacterial meningitis presents with a high neutrophil count, high protein, and low glucose level
Term
Interpret laboratory data that indicate viral meningitis
Definition
Viral meningitis presents with a high lymphocyte count
Term
Explain the purpose of a tissue grinder for the culturing body tissue.
Definition
A tissue grinder is used to grind large pieces of tissue in order to perform a culture on a plate.
Term
For a small 1 uL loop
Definition
# of colonies x 1000 = # of CFU/mL
Term
For a large 10 uL loop
Definition
# of colonies x 100 = # of CFU/mL
Term
Purpose of Blood Plate in Stool Culture
Definition
pick up all organisms in the stool
Term
Purpose of MacConkey Plate in Stool Culture
Definition
differentiate lactose-fermentors from non-lactose fermentors (Salmonella, Shigella)
Term
Purpose of Hektoen Plate in Stool Culture
Definition
differentiates Salmonella (H2S producing bacteria= black) from Shigella (non-H2S, green)
Term
Purpose of Campy Agar Plate in Stool Culture
Definition
incubated microaerophilically in CO2 chamber for campylobacter
Term
What is the clinical significance of a gram stain on a male & female genital culture
Definition
A positive gram stain on a male genital culture is diagnostic for Chlamydia. A gram stain on a female is not considered because there is normal flora in the vaginal culture.
Term
Normal Flora Blood
Definition
Diphtheroids, Proprionibacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Coagulase negative staph, Strep viridians
Term
Pathogens blood
Definition
B. anthrasis, CoAg Neg Staph (septicemia/endocarditis), S. epidermidis, Streptococcus bovis, Strep viridians (infection from oral cavity, common cause of endocarditis), Enterococcus spp., S. pneumoniae, Beta hemolytic strep, S. aureus, Enteric bacteria, P. aeruginosia (LPS in cell walls), Anaerobes ( Bacteroides, Clostridium, etc.), parasites
Term
Normal Flora CSF
Definition
none
Term
Pathogens CSF
Definition
Hemophilus influenza type B (Hib), N. meningitis - meningococcus, S. pneumonia – pneumococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus, Enterics, Group B Strep – newborns
Term
Normal Flora Sterile Fluids
Definition
none
Term
Pathogens Sterile Fluids
Definition
S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. pneumonia, Beta hemolytic Strep, H. influenza, N. gonorrhea, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosia, Acinetobacter spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Mycobacterium spp., Anaerobes, Fungus
Term
Normal Flora Wound Cultures
Definition
CoAg Neg Staph, Diptheroids, and Proprionibacterium sp.
Term
Wound Pathogens
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus (most common), Group A strep (Impetigo, flesh eating bacteria), Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosia, Eikenella corrodens (human bite), Pasturella multocida (cat & dog bites), Vibrio vulnificus (salt water wounds), Bacillus anthrasis (wool sorter’s disease), Erysipelothrix sp., Fungus, Parasites & Viruses
Term
Wound Pathogens Anaerobes
Definition
Actinomyces spp, Bacteroides spp, Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Proprionibacterium spp., Prevotella spp.and Veillonella spp.
Term
Normal Respiratory Flora
Definition
Coagulase negative staph, Micrococcus sp., S. aureus, Diphtheroids, Strep viridians, Enteroococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp.
Term
Respiratory pathogens
Definition
Streptococcus pneumonia, Beta hemolytic strep, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitis, Moraxilla catarrhalis, Enterobacteiacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosia, Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia cepacia, Bordetella pertussis – specialized media, DFA, Corynebacterium diphtheria – specialized media, Corynebacterium jekeium, Legionella spp. – Urine Ag EIA test, Mycobacterium spp., Nocardia spp., Mycoplasma pneumonia – EIA, Fungus, Parasites and Viruses
Term
Normal Flora Urine
Definition
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Viridans streptococci, Diphtheroids. Lactobacillus sp., Fecal flora < 10,000 CFU/mL from clean catch
Term
Pathogens Urine
Definition
Echerichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca & pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae & aerogenes, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris & mirabilis, Providentia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosia, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus facium & faecalis
Term
Normal Flora Stool
Definition
E. coli, M. morganii, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., etc) & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp, yeast
Term
Pathogens Stool
Definition
Shigella sp. – HE, Salmonella sp. – HE, Yersinia enterolytica – CIN. Vibrio cholera – TCBS, Campylobacter jejeuni – Campy agar, E.coli O157:H7 – SMAC agar or serology, Clostridium spp. – C.diff toxin A&B or PCR
Term
Normal Flora Genital cultures
Definition
Lactobacillus sp., Coagulase negative Staphylococcus
Term
Pathogens Genital culture
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhea, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus sp., Haemophilus ducreyi, Group B Streptococcus in pregnant worman, Significant growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Significant growth of Gram negative rods
Term
Whats on a respiratory panel?
Definition
adenovirus, influenza (a and b), paraiinfluenza (1,2 and 3) and RSV
Term
Western blot detects
Definition
antibodies to viral protein
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