Term
| Determine the specific gravity of urine using a refractometer |
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Definition
| To determine the specific gravity using a refractometer you drop two drops of urine onto the test area of the refractometer, and then let it run through the window. You look through the lens and read off the number |
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Term
| Determine the specific gravity of urine using a reagent test strip |
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Definition
| To determine the specific gravity using the reagent test strip you drop urine onto the test strip and wait 60 seconds. Then you take the reading based on which color the pad is closet to. |
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Term
| physical characteristics of urine specimens regarding color |
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Definition
| Color is assed against a white background, urine color can be: Colorless, pale yellow, dark yellow, amber, orange, yellow-green, yellow-brown, green, blue-green, pink, red, brown or black. |
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Term
| physical characteristics of urine specimens regarding clarity |
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Definition
| Clarity is assed against a white background with writing on it, urine clarity can be: clear, hazy, cloudy, turbid or milky. |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Specific gravity chemical screening |
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Definition
| based on a change in pKa of electrolytes placed on the reagent pad in relation to the ionic concentration of the urine. The greater the concentration of ions in the specimen, the more acid groups dissociate from the reagent, releasing hydrogen ions which leads to a more acid pH which is indicated by the bromothymol blue on the reagent pad. |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in pH chemical screening |
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Definition
| multi-indicator system, test pad contains the indicators methyl red, cresol red, and bromothymol blue |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Leukocytes chemical screening |
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Definition
| detected by the action of esterase in granulocytic leukocytes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of an indoxylcarbonic acid ester to indoxyl which reacts with diazonium salt to produce a purple color |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Nitrite chemical screening |
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Definition
| indirectly detects bacteria the reduce nitrate to nitrite. Nitrite reacts with an aromatic amine to give diazonium salt, which when coupled with another compound yields a red-violet azo dye. |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Protein chemical screening |
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Definition
| - tetra-bromophenol blue based on the principle of the protein error of indicators, the presence of proteins changes the color of the indicator without changing the pH |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Glucose chemical screening |
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Definition
| based on the enzymatic glucose oxidase/peroxidase method. Glucose oxidize catalyzes the formation of gluconinc acid and hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. Peroxidase catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chromogen to form a green dye |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Ketones chemical screening |
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Definition
| legal’s test, sodium nitroprusside and glycine react with acetoacetate and acetone in an alkaline medium to form a violet dye complex |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Urobilirubin chemical screening |
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Definition
| coupled with 4-methoxybenzene-diazonium tetrafluoroborate in an acid medium to form a red azo dye |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Bilirubin chemical screening |
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Definition
| diazo coupling reaction of a diazonium salt with bilirubin in an acid medium. Color in influences by urine pigment |
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Term
| Chemistries involved in Blood chemical screening |
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Definition
| strong pseudoperoxidase action of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. Hemoglobin and myoglobin catalyze the oxidation of the indicators by the organic peroxide in the reagent pad. Intact erythrocytes hemolyze on the test paper and liberate hemoglobin which produces a green dot |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the copper reduction method with Benedict’s solution, reducing substances in urine will reduce cupric sulfate to cuprous oxide in the presence of alkali and heat |
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Term
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Definition
| Acetoacetate (and acetone) + sodium nitroprusside + glycine --> purple color in an alkaline environment maintained by buffers |
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Term
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Definition
| Mat causes bilirubin to remain on the surface as the urine is absorbed. Blue or purple color on mat indicates positive. |
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Term
| When is confirmatory testing required |
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Definition
| The confirmatory tests are necessary to confirm the positives seen on the reagent strip using a different method. |
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Term
| Why is a confirmatory test required |
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Definition
| It can determine the results from pigmented urine, which interferes with the reagent strip. Confirmatory tests can also test for analytes not indicated on the reagent strip. |
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Term
| An unpreserved/unrefrigerated urine specimen should be delivered to the laboratory and tested within |
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Definition
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Term
| Refrigeration is the method of choice for urine specimen preservation because it helps to: |
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Definition
| decrease bacterial growth |
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Term
| Purpose of a random urine specimen |
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Definition
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Term
| Purpose of a 24-hour urine specimen |
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Definition
| Quantitative chemical testing |
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Term
| Purpose of a catheterized urine specimen |
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Definition
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Term
| Purpose of a fasting urine specimen |
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Definition
| Diabetic screening/monitoring |
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Term
| If a person goes on a starvation diet, which substance would most likely be found in his/her urine specimen? |
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Definition
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Term
| A urine’s specific gravity is directly proportional to its |
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Definition
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Term
| A refractometer is used to measure: |
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Definition
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Term
| Upon standing at room temperature, urine pH |
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Definition
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Term
| Urine reagent strips should be stored in a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolonged sitting of urine sample _____ nitrite |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolonged sitting of urine sample _____ Bilirubin |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolonged sitting of urine sample _____ Glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolonged sitting of urine sample _____ Urobilinogen |
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Definition
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Term
| The clarity of a urine sample should be determined: |
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Definition
| following thorough mixing of the specimen. |
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Term
| The principle behind the reagent strip glucose test is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The principle behind the Clinitest is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ketone group does not react with Acetest Tablets? |
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Definition
| The Acetest tablets will not detect betahyroxybutyric acid. |
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Term
| Which sugars other than glucose will react with Clinitest tablets? |
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Definition
| The clinitest tablets detect glucose, galatose, lactose, fructose, maltose, and pentoses. |
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Term
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Definition
| density compared to the density of distilled water |
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Term
| High specific gravity means |
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Definition
| larger number and size of dissolved particles |
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Term
| Reference range of specific gravity |
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Definition
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Term
| how does a refractometer determine specific gravity |
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Definition
| using refractive index, comparison of velocity of light in air versus its velocity in solution, angle passing through prism is converted to SG value |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| screen newborns for metabolic defects |
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