Fruit diseases and anthracnoses

Apple Scab

Caused By: Venturia inaequalis

Fruit diseases and anthracnoses

Brown rot of stone fruits

Caused By: Monilinia fructicola

Fruit diseases and anthracnoses

Gray Molds

Caused By: Botrytis

Fruits diseases and anthracnoses

Anthracnoses

1. Colletotrichum
2. Gleosporium

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Citrus Canker

(Xanthomonas axonopodis)

(a.k.a. Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri)

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Apple Scab

Symptoms

• Conspicuous, dry lesions

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Colletotrichum/Gloeosporium

Symptoms

Open, basin-like sores

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Brown rot

Symptoms

Moist soft rots, decay

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Apple scab, anthracnoses

Signs

Acervuli with spores

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Brown Rot

Signs

Sporodochia with conidia, apothecia, mummies

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Apple Scab

Life cycles

1. Primary (one): Perithecia with asci (2-celled) ascospores/disease forecasting)
2. Secondary cycles (many): Acervuli with conidia
3. Transition: Parasite become saprophyte
4. Control: (Genetic resistance, Use of fungicides)

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Brown rot 

Life cycles

1. Primary (one): Apothecia with asci (Ascospores discharged from mummies in Spring)
2. Secondary cycles (many): sporodochia with conidia (especially fruits)
3. Transition: Fruits mummy into a sclerotium-like structure
4. Control: Disking up mummies (will disrupt apothecia formation in Spring), careful handling of fruit

Fruit Diseases and anthracnoses

Gray mold caused by Botrytis (Deuteromycete)

Symptoms

Diffuse blighting (flowers, fruit, leaves)

Fruit Diseases and anthracnoses

Gray mold caused by Botrytis (Deuteromycete)

Signs

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Botrytis most common disease of greenhouse crops

1. Favors cool, humid conditions
2. Fungus often gains ingress through injury, decaying flowers, then advances towards healthy tissue

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Colletotrichum/Gloeosporium (Deuteromycete)

Spore Forms

1. Anamorphs (most common)
2. Teliomorphs (less common)

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Colletotrichum/Gloeosporium (Deuteromycete)

Primary life cycle (usually conidia, plant debris)

1. Overlapping crops (e.g. papaya)
2. Vegetative (e.g. strawberry transplants)
3. Seed (e.g. bean anthracnoses)

Fruit Diseases and Anthracnoses

Colletotrichum/Gloeosporium (Deuteromycete)

Control

1. Clean cultivation (eliminate debris)
2. Crop rotation
3. Timely sprays (fruit ripening)
4. Certification Programs
5. Seed certification (bean anthracnose)