Term
Transferring locations from Earth's surface to a flat map is called projection. What types of distortion can occur in this transference?
a. The distance between any two points may be incorrect
b. The shape of an area can be distorted
c. The relative size of different areas may be altered
d. The direction from one place to another can be distorted.
e. All of the above are true. |
|
Definition
| e. All of the above are true. |
|
|
Term
Geographers call the name given to a portion of Earth's surface its _____.
a. toposequence
b. topology
c. topography
d. topophilia
e. toponym |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lines of _____ are drawn as east and west circles on the globe and yet they measure distances north and south of the _____.
a. longitude, prime meridian
b. latitude, prime meridian
c. latitude, equator
d. longitude, equator
e. latitude, date line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land is called what?
a. agricultural density
b. physiological density
c. arithmetic density
d. urban density |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The current population pyramid of the United States has a noticeable bulge in the middle, which is due primarily to _____.
a. increased immigration since the 1980s
b. better health care since the 1930s
c. more accurate census data since the invention of digital maps
d. the so-called baby boom following the Second World War
e. widespread use of aspirin. |
|
Definition
| d. the so-called baby boom following the Second World War |
|
|
Term
Stage 2 in the demographic transition is characterized by _____.
a. increase in the birth rate
b. low growth and stable populations
c. birth and death rates in equilibrium
d. increase in the death rate
e. “explosion” in the natural increase rate |
|
Definition
| e. “explosion” in the natural increase rate |
|
|
Term
7. In what stage of migration transition does interregional migration from a country's rural areas to its cities become important?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
e. Stage 5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
8. Denmark is currently in which stage of the demographic transition?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
e. This model does not apply to Denmark |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
9. The residential clustering of immigrants from the same country is called what?
a. chain migration
b. proximity settlement
c. involuntary migration
d. peer-mediated relocation
e. cluster migration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10. During the third peak of immigration into the United States (1900-1915), from which regions of Europe did the majority come?
a. Southern and Eastern Europe
b. Western Europe
c. Central Europe
d. Scandinavia
e. Northern Europe |
|
Definition
| a. Southern and Eastern Europe |
|
|
Term
According to the “falling fertility” article you read for section, one primary demographic challenge that exists today is
a. the decline in consumer demand that is occurring as the world population shrinks
b. the rise in fertility that is taking place in the richest and most egalitarian countries
c. how to adjust to an aging population in much of the world
d. the shrinking labor force that is making it hard for countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to develop |
|
Definition
| c. how to adjust to an aging population in much of the world |
|
|
Term
According to the “gendercide” article you read for section,
a. there are tens of millions of “missing women” in the world, leading to unbalanced sex ratios in some regions
b. most of “missing women” are missing from countries in sub-Saharan Africa due to AIDS.
c. rising domestic violence is the primary cause of skewed sex ratios
d. the death of males in wars and insurgencies is leading to a significant drop in the male population in many countries
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
| a. there are tens of millions of “missing women” in the world, leading to unbalanced sex ratios in some regions |
|
|
Term
select (A) if it is likely to lead to be associated with higher fertility rates and (B) if it is likely to be associated with lower fertility rates.
13. Higher rates of female literacy
14. High infant mortality rates
15. Low levels of urbanization
16. Higher per capita income |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. Spatial interaction is likely to increase if
a. Complementarity decreases
b. Intervening opportunities increase
c. Transferability increases
d. None of the above
e. All of the above |
|
Definition
| c. Transferability increases |
|
|
Term
18. A good example of a vernacular region would be
a. the Winter Wheat Belt
b. the European Union
c. the U.S. Southwest
d. North America |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20. Ravenstein observed that
a. most migrants move from urban to rural areas
b. migration is usually unidirectional with no return flow
c. single adults are the least likely to migrate of any demographic group
d. most migration is driven by cultural factors
e. most migrants move short distances. |
|
Definition
| e. most migrants move short distances. |
|
|
Term
21. In a country with 30 percent of its population under the age of 15 and 10 percent over the age of 64, the youth dependency ratio would be approximately
a. 25
b. 33
c. 50
d. 75
e. 100 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
select (A) if the term/concept is most associated with antinatalist policies and (B) if it is more likely to be associated with pronatalist policies
22. Wide-based pyramid
23. Sex education and subsidized contraceptives
24. Stage V of the demographic transition
25. Flexible work weeks and subsidized day care |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
26. A map in which India appears to be close to four times the size of the United States is most likely to be a cartogram showing absolute population. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
27. Most of the world’s population increases in the coming decades will be in the developing countries; this is primarily due to the effect of population momentum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
28. According to the gravity model, spatial interaction (including migration) will increase as populations increase and distance increases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
29. If you plan to drive from Iowa to California, you should use a small-scale map. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
30. The rate of natural increase depends upon
a. the crude birth rate
b. the crude death rate
c. the net immigration rate
d. A & B
e. A, B & C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
31. Migration up the urban hierarchy in several moves from smaller towns to larger cities is known as
a. chain migration
b. step migration
c. beaten migration
d. forced migration
e. push migration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
32. If a country’s total fertility rate is 3, we can deduce that
a. its rate of natural increase is probably negative
b. the country is probably in Stage I of the demographic transition
c. its population pyramid has an “inverted” shape
d. the country’s population is increasing |
|
Definition
| d. the country’s population is increasing |
|
|
Term
33. Of the following, the Industrial Revolution is most associated with
a. an increase in birth rates
b. Europe moving into its demographic transition
c. Stage IV of the demographic transition
d. the population explosion |
|
Definition
| b. Europe moving into its demographic transition |
|
|
Term
34. In the epidemiologic transition, Stage II of the Demographic Transition Model is most associated with
a. falling birth rates
b. a decline in contagious disease as nutrition and public sanitation increase
c. rising birth rates
d. an increase in death due to lifestyle and degenerative disease. |
|
Definition
| b. a decline in contagious disease as nutrition and public sanitation increase |
|
|
Term
(True or False)
35. Migration from West Africa to Europe is caused in part by the overfishing of West African waters by subsidized European trawlers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
36. Brazil is a good example of a country where birth rates have fallen amongst the rich but have remained stubbornly high in poor communities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
37. The crude birth rate the average number of live births that each woman will have in her lifetime. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
38. The world’s population continues to grow faster every year (a rising rate of increase). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
39. Mental maps may be influenced by gender, age, and how long you have lived in a place, along with other factors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
40. A good example of push migration would be a recent high school graduate leaving Los Angeles to study at The University of Arizona. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. In Latin American cities, the very poor tend to live _____.
a. in the central business district
b. on the periphery of the city
c. in narrow corridors radiating out from the central business district
d. in edge cities physically separated from large cities
e. in a ring that immediately surrounds the central business district |
|
Definition
| b. on the periphery of the city |
|
|
Term
2. The density gradient maps of Cleveland shown in the textbook (and in the “thinking spatially” questions for review) illustrate that from 1900 to 1990, peak density _______ and its distance from the CBD _________.
a. increased, increased
b. increased, decreased
c. decreased, increased
d. decreased, decreased
e. flipped, flopped |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. Which of the following would serve as a node in the multiple nuclei model?
a. hospitals
b. airports
c. neighborhood business centers
d. universities
e. all of the above could serve as nodes |
|
Definition
| e. all of the above could serve as nodes |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is typically an attribute of CBDs in the United States?
a. Buildings tend to be low, horizontally extensive structures.
b. Residential units are a major land use.
c. Major manufacturers locate factories in these areas.
d. Commercial agriculture occupies the best land.
e. Many retail shops cater to office workers. |
|
Definition
| e. Many retail shops cater to office workers. |
|
|
Term
6. Assume the multiplier is 3 and the number of new jobs being created in the basic sector is 200. The number of new jobs that result in the nonbasic sector will be:
a. 200
b. 400
c. 600
d. 800
e. 1000 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7. Which of the following is most likely to be in the “nonbasic sector”?
a. a bakery
b. a resort hotel
c. a call center
d. a car manufacturer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the video clip we watched in class, the University of Arizona’s School of Geography and Development has students doing internships in gardens located in
a. prisons
b. schools in lower-income neighborhoods
c. the University’s main mall area
d. towns along the U.S.-Mexico border
e. the Foothills |
|
Definition
| b. schools in lower-income neighborhoods |
|
|
Term
9. Which of the following goods and services has the smallest range?
a. surgery
b. donuts
c. professional basketball game
d. symphony concert
e. university |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10. Which activity is discouraged from being located in the central business district because of high rents or land shortage?
a. responding to technical inquiries
b. transcription work
c. processing insurance claims
d. payroll management
e. all of the above are discouraged |
|
Definition
| e. all of the above are discouraged |
|
|
Term
(True or False)
11. The basic sector of a large city is usually smaller than the nonbasic sector. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
12. All megacities are the largest city in their country. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
13. The megalopolis is the largest conurbation in the United States, spreading from the San Francisco Bay area to south of Los Angeles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
14. In Christaller’s central place theory, we can expect larger cities to offer a wider variety of goods and services than do smaller cities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(True or False)
15. Cities in “developing” regions are growing faster than cities in the “developed” world. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. The illegal process by which banks identify urban areas in which they will not make residential loans is called
a. redlining
b. filtering
c. urban renewal
d. multiple listing
e. belt tightening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. The sector model of urban structure recognizes the importance of what primary factor in the development of the city in the United States?
a. neighborhoods
b. banking regulations
c. recreation
d. transportation
e. industry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
18. Which model grows outward from a central area in a series of rings?
a. Von Thunen’s model
b. sector model
c. multiple nuclei model
d. peripheral model
e. concentric zone model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
19. The process by which an inner-city neighborhood is renovated and attracts middle-class residents is called _____.
a. consolidation
b. expulsion
c. gentrification
d. suburbanization
e. transition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20. The ancient city of Tenochtitlan discusses in your text is the site of which modern capital?
a. Manila
b. Brasilia
c. Montevideo
d. Mexico City
e. Moscow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. According to the video on Curitiba, Brazil that we watched in class, its transportation system
a. is one of the few in the world that runs without government subsidies
b. is primarily dependent on private automobiles for transport
c. was constructed during the 1970s when the underground metro was first put in
d. is so dysfunctional that the city is losing inhabitants |
|
Definition
| a. is one of the few in the world that runs without government subsidies |
|
|
Term
22. According to the video on Curitiba, Brazil that we watched in class, the city is widely known for its innovation in
a. sustainable urban practices
c. architecture in the central business district
b. men’s fashionwear
d. inverting the inverted concentric zone model |
|
Definition
| a. sustainable urban practices |
|
|
Term
23. Infill development is most likely to occur
a. in greenfields
b. on the most expensive desirable land in the CBD
c. in gated communities
d. on brownfields that are located near the city center |
|
Definition
| d. on brownfields that are located near the city center |
|
|
Term
24. The location of cities is often due to
a. transportation networks and break-of-bulk locations
b. proximity to resources
c. its importance as a market center for a hinterland
d. administrative or religious functions
e. any of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
25. Megacities
a. often suffer from environmental problems associated with overurbanization
b. are amongst the oldest forms of urban civilization
c. are primarily located in North America
d. are always primate cities
e. typically have populations between 5 and 10 million people |
|
Definition
| a. often suffer from environmental problems associated with overurbanization |
|
|
Term
26. Urban bias refers to
a. often contributes to overurbanization
b. urban-to-rural migration now occurring in the U.S.
c. urban structures where the concentric zone model is imbalanced
d. only occurs if there is a primate city |
|
Definition
| a. often contributes to overurbanization |
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
27. European cities usually have higher skylines and lower population densities than do U.S. cities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
28. Latin America has a higher level of urbanization than Asia, although Asia has more megacities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
29. Subprime mortgages and the spillover effects from foreclosure are spatially concentrated within cities rather than evenly dispersed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
30. Urban civilizations originated in Mesopotamia and spread worldwide from there. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
31. Planned cities tend to have more “regular” layouts than do organic cities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
32. The rank-size rule
a. predicts that cities will be evenly distributed across the landscape according to their size
b. predicts the relative sizes of cities within an urban hierarchy
c. predicts that the CBD is largest in the largest cities
d. predicts the relative size of the concentric rings in an urban structure
e. applies best to developing countries |
|
Definition
| b. predicts the relative sizes of cities within an urban hierarchy |
|
|
Term
33. New urbanism
a. advocated single-use, segregated land use patterns
b. focused on promoting low-density urban forms
c. attempted to recreate pedestrian-friendly, small-scale urban sites
d. focused on the development of land on the urban fringe |
|
Definition
| c. attempted to recreate pedestrian-friendly, small-scale urban sites |
|
|
Term
34. Suburbanization in the United States
a. first began after World War II
b. was initiated by industries moving their factories to city edges
c. expanded rapidly with the automobile and post-WW II socioeconomic changes
d. was not supported by federal government programs or policies
e. revitalized downtown areas |
|
Definition
| c. expanded rapidly with the automobile and post-WW II socioeconomic changes |
|
|
Term
35. Which of the following was not one of the cultural hearths where urban civilizations first arose?
a. MesoAmerica
b. Mesopotamia
c. Northern China
d. Egypt
e. the Great Lakes region |
|
Definition
| e. the Great Lakes region |
|
|
Term
36. Over the course of the twentieth century,
a. the share of the population living in urban areas increased
b. the total population living in urban areas increased
c. the number of cities with populations over 1 million increased more than tenfold
d. the term megacity was coined
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
37. According to the Urban Explosion video,
a. fishing catches are declining in Istanbul, because so many of the new migrant are turning to fishing for a living
b. the Bosphorus Strait which runs through Istanbul is one of the safest, least travelled waterways in the world
c. there is no hope for rapidly growing cities such as Istanbul
d. All of the above
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
38. According to the Urban Explosion video,
a. Mexico City is sinking
b. Mexico City’s location in a basin makes acquiring a water supply and treating its sewage particularly challenging
c. some of the world’s most fertile land is found in the chinampas that originated with the city’s pre-Columbian inhabitants
d. All of the above
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| d. often occur along ring roads where they are intersected by major transportation arteries |
|
|
Term
40. Greenfields are most likely
a. to be the site of suburban residential development
b. are a prime location for capital-intensive skyscrapers
c. to be found in the center of the CBD
d. to have high cleanup costs due to prior contamination and thus may be scorned by developers |
|
Definition
| a. to be the site of suburban residential development |
|
|
Term
41. In Christaller’s central place theory, threshold refers to
a. the distance a suburb is from the central business district
b. the point at which rents are so high that firms abandon the central business district
c. the minimum population needed for a good or service to be offered for sale
d. the maximum distance a consumer will travel for a good or service
e. the land price at which skyscrapers start to appear |
|
Definition
| c. the minimum population needed for a good or service to be offered for sale |
|
|
Term
42. Cities
a. independently rose in a number of regions around the world
b. started in Mesopotamia and spread around the world from there
c. first arose in Western Europe with the Industrial Revolution
d. were always founded to meet the population’s defensive needs |
|
Definition
| a. independently rose in a number of regions around the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The principle that an area
should produce the items for which it has the greatest relative advantage or the least ratio of disadvantage in comparison with other areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subcontracting production or services rather than performing those activities “in house.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A manufacturing system which works to reduce inventories for the production process by purchasing inputs for arrival just as they are needed for production or sale. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The savings to an individual
enterprise derived from locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other factories or stores |
|
|
Term
| 5. Which of the following is the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year? |
|
Definition
| (A) Gross National Product |
|
|
Term
6. Which of the following is not associated with a production process found in MDCs?
(A) technology
(B) low-wage labor
(C) education
(D) research and development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. Which mode of transportation for large bulk items is most cost effective over very long distances (globally) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
8. Which of the following is NOT an ubiquitous industry.
(A) Newspapers
(B) Car manufacturing
(C) Bakeries
(D) Dairy farming |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bank Teller
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
E. Quinary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dairy Farmer
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
E. Quinary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The President of the USA
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
E. Quinary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Worker in an auto manufacturing plant
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
E. Quinary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
Maquiladoras are poor, squatter settlement agricultural areas found on the outskirts of Mexican cities; lacking most basic urban infrastructure such as sewers, electricity and running water, their residents engage in intensive subsistence cultivation of vegetables and maize, as well as keeping chickens and goats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
A high percentage of laborers engaged in the production of food staples indicates a low overall level of development. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
Subsistence agriculture is often practiced in well-developed countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
Industry is uniformly distributed across Earth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
The major source of energy for steam engines during the Industrial Revolution was wood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
During the Industrial Revolution the geographic distribution of industry changed from a large collection of home-based enterprises to large integrated firms clustered in a few locations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the distribution of wealth in a country. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(TRUE or FALSE)
Hunting and gathering is still practiced by isolated groups in Africa, Australia, and South America. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which trees and ground cover is cut down, burned, planted and then rotated after short periods of crop production is
(A) subsistence rice cultivation.
(B) subsistence wheat cultivation.
(C) shifting cultivation.
(D) nomadic herding. |
|
Definition
| (C) shifting cultivation. |
|
|
Term
22. In the Movie China Blue, what was the average wage of Jasmine, the textile worker?
(A) 6 cents an hour
(B) 1 dollar an hour
(C) 6 dollars an hour
(D) 50 dollars a day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
23. New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break of bulk location because
(A) plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships.
(B) markets are readily available for shipped goods.
(C) large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold.
(D) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another. |
|
Definition
| (D) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another. |
|
|
Term
24. Which is NOT regularly used to analyze a country’s level of development?
(A) Per capita income
(B) Size in area
(C) Nutritional levels
(D) Energy consumption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
25. The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is
(A) dairying.
(B) Mediterranean.
(C) shifting cultivation.
(D) livestock ranching. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 27. Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
28. Which of the following has aided 20th century commercial farmers in MDCs?
(A) transportation improvements
(B) scientific advances
(C) electronics
(D) all of the above
(E) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
29. Which of the following statements about the Green Revolution is NOT true
(A) The Green Revolution was, and still is, controversial
(B) The Green Revolution’s intention was to increase crop yields
(C) The Green Revolution did not increase crop yields
(D) The Green Revolution increased the production of rice |
|
Definition
| (C) The Green Revolution did not increase crop yields |
|
|
Term
| 30. The Human Development Index (HDI) measures |
|
Definition
| (C) Life expectancy/education/literacy/purchasing power |
|
|
Term
31. Per capita GDP is a good indicator of all but which of the following?
(A) the approximate level of material wellbeing in a country
(B) the number of countries below the poverty level
(C) the distribution of wealth within a country
(D) the spatial distribution of global wealth
(E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life |
|
Definition
| (C) the distribution of wealth within a country |
|
|
Term
| 32. ________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 33. Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
34. According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?
(A) abundant agricultural products
(B) high quality manufactured goods
(C) imports to be limited
(D) international consumer preferences
(E) abundant mineral resources |
|
Definition
| (C) imports to be limited |
|
|
Term
| 35. Traditional barriers to international investment have included |
|
Definition
| (D) requiring licenses for importers. |
|
|
Term
| 36. Hunting and gathering societies |
|
Definition
| (B) are found in isolated places in the world. |
|
|
Term
| 37. For a process such as soft-drink bottling, which gains bulk in manufacturing, what is the most important locational consideration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38. Structural adjustment programs _____. |
|
Definition
| (A) have been criticized for spending scarce development funds on inefficient industries |
|
|
Term
| 39. What is the purpose of crop rotation? |
|
Definition
| maintaining the fertility of fields |
|
|
Term
40. Which of the following do NOT characterize shifting cultivation?
(A) Constant cultivation of fields is undertaken until nutrients are depleted and then land is fallowed.
(B) No well-recognized land boundaries exist between villages
(C) Slash-and-burn agriculture is practiced
(D) People usually live in small villages.
(E) None of the above is correct. |
|
Definition
| (B) No well-recognized land boundaries exist between villages |
|
|
