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| required prewar voters in the Confederate states to swear loyalty to the Union before restoration could begin |
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| provided aid to refugees in the South |
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| laws that limited the rights of African Americans |
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| law that guaranteed certain rights for all citizens |
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| guarantees equality under the law for all citizens |
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| forbade states to deny suffrage on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
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| white southerners who had been locked out of pre-Civil War politics |
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| northerners who came to the South to improve their economic or political situations |
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| process of bringing people of different races, religions, and social classes together |
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| farming system in which a landowner dictated the crop |
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| farming system similar to sharecropping |
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| farming system in which a tenant paid cash rent to a landowner |
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| made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote |
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| a white Democratic southerners who returned to power after 1870 |
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| agreement by which Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops |
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| people who supported harsh punishment for Confederates and full citizenship for African Americans |
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| terrorized African Americans during Reconstruction |
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| period in which the Union tried to readmit the southern states |
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| a law passed by Congress that tried to limit the President's power |
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| a person who invests money in a product or enterprise to make a profit |
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| a tax that makes imported goods more costly than those made locally |
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| a system in which businesses operate under minimal government regulation |
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| official rights given by the government to an inventor for the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a set period of time |
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| a method for purifying iron, resulting in strong, lightweight steel |
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| bridge that has a roadway suspended by cables |
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| any of the 24 longitudinal areas of the world within which the same time is used |
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| a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively |
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| spurred the most economic growth and innovation of any other industry |
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| a number of people share the ownership of a business |
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| a corporation that gains complete control of a product or a service |
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| an association of producers of a good or service that prices and controls stocks in order to monopolize the market |
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| group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single managing board in order to form a monopoly |
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Term
| Interstate Commerce Commission |
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| first federal agency monitoring business operations,created to oversee the railroad industry |
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| a law that outlawed any trust that operated "in restraint of trade" |
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| one company controls the businesses that make up all phases of a product's development |
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| system of consolidating many firms in the same business |
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| small factory where employees have to work long hours under poor conditions for little pay |
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| workers negotiating as a group for better wages or working conditions |
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| an economic and political philosophy favoring public control of property and income |
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| labor union that included all workers of any trade |
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| American Federation of Laborers (AFL) |
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Definition
| labor union of skilled workers from small craft unions |
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Definition
| 1892 strike against Carnegie's steelworks in Pennsylvania |
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| a nationwide strike of railway workers in 1894 |
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| third-class accommodations on a steamship where immigrants usually traveled |
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| the California area where Chinese immigrants were processed |
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| programs that helped immigrants learn about life in the US |
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| the idea that people born in America are superior |
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| the Chinese Exclusion Act |
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| a law that was passed because of hostility toward immigrant laborers |
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| neighborhoods on the outskirts of a city |
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| multifamily housing that was often overcrowded |
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| rapid growth of cities and their populations |
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| person who moved from an agricultural area to an urban area |
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| inexpensive and efficient public system for moving people |
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| people's tendency to want and purchase many new products |
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| similarity in taste across the country |
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| a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, and dance |
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| tall buildings with steel frames |
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| label for the last part of the 19th century |
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| processing station where immigrants met with officials on the East coast |
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Definition
| gave blacks the freedom to ride trains |
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| a group of farmers who worked for political and economic reforms in the late 1800s and who organized southern farmers |
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| specific areas set aside by the government for Indian use |
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Definition
| unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians were killed by the Colorado militia |
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Term
| Battle of Little Big Horn |
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Definition
| 1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated General Custer and the US army troops |
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Definition
| 1890 confrontation between US cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance, over 100 Indians were killed |
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Definition
| Indians become part of national life by adopting the culture and civilization of whites |
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| Dawes General Allotment Act |
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Definition
| replaced reservation system with a land portioning system |
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Definition
| self-appointed law enforcers |
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Term
| Transcontinental railroad |
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Definition
| rail link between the East and West |
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Definition
| wide stretches of land along railroad tracks offered to potential railroad builders |
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Definition
| system by which branded cattle were allowed to graze freely on unfenced property |
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Definition
| offered farm plots of 160 acres to anyone willing to live on the land for 5 years |
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| African Americans who farmed and founded all-black towns in Kansas and Oklahoma |
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Definition
| laws that kept blacks and whites segregated in the South |
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Definition
| required voters to prove that they could read in order to vote |
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Definition
| allowed a person to vote as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866 |
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Definition
| destroyed ranchers' property in defense of Mexican Americans' land rights |
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| prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the US |
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| federal jobs in the executive branch |
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| officials awarding government jobs to loyal party workers |
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| Pendleton Civil Service Act |
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Definition
| established an exam for prospective government employees |
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Definition
| organization that provided education on new farming techniques |
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Definition
| grassroots political movement that ran slates of farm-friendly candidates |
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Definition
| organizations that brought farmers together to sell their crops collectively |
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| sum of money to be paid before a person could vote |
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Definition
| was arrested for voting in an election in New York |
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| worked to ban the sale of liquor |
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Definition
| blended ideas from German socialism and American Progressivism into a plan for building a better society |
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Definition
| process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
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Definition
| process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
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Definition
| community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social services to the urban poor |
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Definition
| an election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
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Definition
| allows citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature |
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Term
| National American Woman Suffrage Association |
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Definition
| founded in 1890, worked to earn women the right to vote |
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Definition
| the campaign to promote the practice of never drinking alcohol |
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| gave blacks the right to vote |
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| led to the sale of almost 2/3 of Native American lands to white |
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Definition
| NYC Jews formed this to help defend themselves against anti-Semitism |
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Definition
| formed to give Mexican Americans loans and legal assistance to the poor |
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| Interstate Commerce Commission |
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Definition
| oversaw rail charges for shipments that passed between more than one state |
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Definition
| limited what railroads could charge farmers for shipping their crops |
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Definition
| law that helped settle battles over sources of water in the West |
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Definition
| Roosevelt's call for a more active federal government in the promotion of social, political, and economic reform |
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Term
| Pure Food and Drug Administration |
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Definition
| banned interstate shipment of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs |
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Definition
| agency that was established to regulate trusts |
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Definition
| strengthened antitrust laws by identifying illegal business activities |
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Definition
| major banking reform that placed banks under the control of a government backed Board |
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| Wilson's plan for progressive reforms |
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| Women's Christian Temperance Union |
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Definition
| campaigned to prohibit the sale of alcohol |
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Definition
| the policy in which strong nations control waeker countries or territories |
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Definition
| a foreign policy that relies on military strength to achieve goals |
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Definition
| restricted rights of newly freed Cubans |
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Definition
| a foreign policy based on human rights, equality, honor, and understanding |
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Definition
| the belief that life is a competitive struggle in which only the fittest survive |
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Definition
| the way of dividing China for trade purposes |
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| aggressive form of nationalism |
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