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CABLE TELEVISION:
A TIER OF NONBROADCAST CHANNELS DEDICATED TO LOCAL EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT, AND THE PUBLIC
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LIBEL LAW:
A RECKLESS DISREGARD FOR THE TRUTH, SUCH AS WHEN A REPORTER OR AN EDITOR KNOWS THAT A STATEMENT IS FALSE AND PRINTS OR AIRS IT ANYWAY
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THE ORIGINAL INTERNET
DESIGNED BY U.S. DEFENSE DEPT.'S ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY (ARPA)
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- A MODEL FOR JOURNALISM AND SPEECH THAT TOLERATES LITTLE CRITICISM OF GOVERNMENT OR PUBLIC DISSENT
- HOLDS THAT THE GENERAL PUBLIC NEEDS GUIDANCE FROM AN ELITE AND EDUCATED RULING CLASS
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AN IDENTITY CREATED BY AN INTERNET USER IN ORDER TO PARTICIPATE IN A FORM OF ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT, SUCH AS WORLD OF WARCRAFT OR SECOND LIFE
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CABLE PROGRAMMING:
A TIER OF CHANNELS COMPOSED OF LOCAL BROADCAST SIGNALS, NONBROADCAST ACCESS CHANNELS (FOR LOCAL GOV'T, EDUCATION, AND GENERAL PUBLIC USE), A FEW REGIONAL PBS STATIONS, A VARIETY OF POPULAR CHANNELS DOWNLINKED FROM COMMUNICATION SATELLITES
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SITES THAT CONTAIN ARTICLES IN REVERSE CHRONOLOGICAL JOURNAL-LIKE FORM, OFTEN WITH READER COMMENTS AND LINKS TO OTHER ARTICLES ON THE WEB (FROM THE TERM WEB LOG)
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DATA TRANSMISSION OVER A FIBER-OPTIC CABLE - A SIGNALING METHOD THAT HANDLES A WIDE RANGE OF FREQUENCIES
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INFORMATION-SEARCH SERVICES, SUCH AS NETSCAPE'S NAVIGATOR AND MICROSOFT'S INTERNET EXPLORER, THAT OFFER DETAILED ORGANIZATIONAL MAPS TO THE INTERNET
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COMMUNITY ANTENNA TELEVISION -- AN EARLY CABLE SYSTEM THAT ORIGINATED WHERE MOUNTAINS OR TALL BUILDINGS BLOCKED TV SIGNALS; BECAUSE OF EARLY TECHNICAL AND REGULATORY LIMITS, CATV CONTAINED ONLY TWELVE CHANNELS
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a communication or transportation business, such as a phone company or a taxi service, that is required by law to offer service on a first-come, first-served basis to whoever can pay the rate; such companies do not get involved in content
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a model for journalism and speech that places control in the hands of an enlightened government, which speaks for ordinary citizens and workers in order to serve the common goals of the state
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considered unethical, a compromising situation in which a journalist stands to benefit personally from the news report he or she produces
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information profiles about a user that are usually automatically accepted by a Web browser and stored on the user's own computer hard drive
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the legal right of authors and producers to own and control the use of their published or unpublished writing, music, and lyrics; TV programs and movies; or graphic art designs
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the phenomenon of American media, fashion, and good dominating the global market and shaping the cultures and identities of other nations
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images, texts, and sounds that use pulses of electric current or flashes of laser light and are converted (or encoded) into elctronic signals represented as varied combinations of binary numbers, usually ones and zeros; these signals are then reassembled (decoded) as a precise reproduction of a TV picture, a magazine article, or a telephone voice
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the socioeconomic disparity between those who do and those who do not have access to digital technology and media, such as the Internet
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DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE (DBS)
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a satellite-based service that for a monthly fee downlinks hundreds of satellite channels and services; they began distributing video programming directly to households in 1994
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Media Economics:
The payment of money, primarily by consumers, for a book, a music CD, a movie, an online computer service, or a cable TV subscription
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review and cataloguing services that group Web sites under particular categories
(e.g., Arts and Humanities, News & Media, Entertainment)
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electronic commercie, or commercial activity, on the web
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electronic mail messages sent over the Internet; developed by computer engineer Ray Tomlinson in 1971
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the economic process of increasing production levels so as to reduce the overall cost per unity
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communication businesses, such as broadcasters or cable TV companies, that are entitled to choose what channels or content to carry
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an underlying value held by many US journalists and citizens, it involves judging other countries and cultures according to how they live up to or imitate American practices and ideals
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repealed in 1987, this FCC rule required broadcast stations to both air and engage in controversial-issue programs that affected their communities and, when offering such programming, to provide competing points of view
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thin glass bundles of fiber capable of transmitting thousands of messages converted to shooting pulses of light along cable wires; these bundles of fiber can carry broadcast channels, telephone signals, and all sorts of digital codes
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the notion that the press operates as an unofficial brand of government, monitoring the legislative, judicial, and executive branches for abuses of power
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legal restrictions prohibiting the press from releasing preliminary information that might prejudice jury selection
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the orbit in space, 22,300 miles above the earth, where communication satellites traveling at about 6,800 miles per hour can maintain the same position (or "footprint") above the earth as the planet rotates on its axis
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a cable TV system's computerized nerve center, where TV signals from local broadcast stations and satellites are received, processed, and distributed to area homes
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the acceptance of the dominant values in a culture by those who are subordinate to those who hold economic and political power
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a situation in which reporters stake out a house or follow a story in such large groups that the entire profession comes under attack for invading people's privacy or exploiting their personal tragedies
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HTML
(HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)
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the written code that creates Web pages and links; a language all computers can read
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the gov't may punish broadcasters for indecency or profanity after the fact, and over the years a handful of radio stations have had their licenses suspended or denied over indecent programming
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MEDIA ECONOMICS:
the financial support of media products by advertisers, who pay for the quanitity or quality of audience members that a particular medium attracts.
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an underlying value held by most US journalists and citizens, it favors individual rights and responsibilites over group needs or institutional mandates
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a Web feature that enables users to chat with buddies in real time via pop-up windows assigned to each conversation
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the vast network of telephone and cable lines, wireless connections, and a satellite systems designed to link and carry computer information worldwide.
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INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
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a company that provides Internet access to homes and businesses for a fee
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CABLE TELEVISION:
Channels that allow citizens to buy time for producing programs or presenting their own viewpoints
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MEDIA LAW:
The defamation of character in written expression
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a model for journalism and speech that encourages vigorous government criticism and supports the highest degree of freedom for individual speech and news operations
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MEDIA ECONOMICS:
a market with many producers and sellers buy only a few differentiable products within a particular category; sometimes called monopolisitic competition
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the process whereby product companies and content providers customize a Web page, print ad, or other media form for an individual consumer
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miniature circuits that process and store electronic signals, integrating thousands of electronic components into thin strands of silicon along which binary codes travel
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MEDIA ECONOMICS:
An organizational structure that occurs when a single firm dominates production and distribution in a particular industry, either nationally or locally
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MULTI-SYSTEM OPERATORS (MSOs)
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large corporations that own numerous cable televisions systems
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rules established by the FCC requiring all cable operators to assign channels to and carry all local TV broadcasts on their systems, thereby ensuring that local network affiliates, independent stations (those not carrying netwrok programs), and public televion channels would benefit from cable's clearer reception
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any specialized electronic programming or media channel aimed at a target audience
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the process of gathering information and making narrative reports - edited by individuals in a news organization - that create selected frames of reference and help the public make sense of prominent people, improtant events, and usual happeneings in everyday life.
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the often unstated criteria that journalists use to determine which events and issues should become news reports, including timeliness, proximity, conflict, prominence, human interest, consequence, usefulness, novelty, and deviance.
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expression that is not protected as speech if these three legal tests are all met: (1) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the material as a whole appeals to prurient interest; (2) the material depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; (3) the material, as a whole, lacks serious literacy, artistic, political, or scientific value
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MEDIA ECONOMICS:
An organizational structure in which a few firms control most of an industry's production and distribution resources
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noncommercial software shared freely and developed collectively on the Internet
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a defense against libel which states that libel applies only to intentional misstatements of factual information rather than opinion, and which therefore protects said opinion
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OPT-IN OR OPT-OUT POLICIES
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controversial Web site policies over personal date gathering: opt-in means Web sites must gain explicit permission from online consumers before the sit can colelct their personal date; opt-out means that Web sites can automatically collect personal data unless the consumer goes to the trouble of filling out a specific form to restrict the practice
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a cable-television service that allows customers to select a particular movie for a few, or to pay $25 to $40 for a special onetime event
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an Internet scam that begins with phone e-mail messages that appear to be from an official site and request that customers send their credit card numbers and other personal information to update the account
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an entry point to the Internet, such as a search engine
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CABLE PROGRAMMING:
a tier of channels that subscribers can order at an additional monthly fee over their basic cable service; these may include movie channels and interactive services
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the legal definiton of censorship in the US, which prohibits courts and gov'ts from blocking any publication or speech before it actually occurs
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the end of the copyright period for a work, at which point the public may begind to access it for free.
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a type of journalism, driven by citizen forums, that goes beyond telling the news to embrace a broader mission of improving the quality of public life; also called civic journalism
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a legal right allowing journalists to report judicial or legislative proceedings even though the public statements being reported may be libelous
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an underlying value held by many US journalists and citizens, it assumes that businesspeople compete with one another not primarily to maximize profits but to increase prosperity for all
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addresses a person's right to be left alone, without his or her name, image, or daily activities becoming public property
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computer programs that allow users to enter key words or queries to find related sites on the Internet
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part of the 1934 Communications Act; it mandates that during elections, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates
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laws protecting the confidentiality of key interview subjects and reporters' rights not to reveal the sources of contrversial information used in news stories
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LAW:
spoken language that defames a person's character
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an underlying value held by many US journalists and citizens, it favors the small over the large and the rural over the urban
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Websites that allow users to create personal profiles, upload photos, create lists of favorite things, and post messages to connect with old friends and to meet new ones
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MODEL
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a model for journalism and speech, influenced by the libertarian model, that encourages the free flow of information to citizens so they can make wise decisions regarding political and social issues
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TV JOURNALISM:
the equivalent of a quote in print; the part of a news report in which an expert, a celebrity, a victim, or a person on the street is interviewed about some aspect of an event or issue
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software with secretive codes that enable commercial firms to "spy" on users and gain access to their computers
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local independent TV stations, such as WTBS in Atlanta or WGN in Chicago, that have uplinked their signals onto a communication satellite to make themselves available nationwide
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MEDIA ECONOMICS:
the promotion and sale of a product (and all its versions) throughout the various subsidaries of a media conglomerate
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996
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the sweeping update of telecommunications laws that led to a wave of media consolidation
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the relay points on a communication satellite that receive and transmit telephone and TV signals
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MEDIA ECONOMICS:
the phenomenon of controlling a mass media industry at its three essential levls: production, distribution, and exhibition; the term is most frequently used in reference to the film industry
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cable television technology that enables viewers to instantly order programming such as movies to be digitally delivered to their sets
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a standard for short-distance wireless networking, enabling users of notebook computers and other devices to connect to the Internet in cafés, hotels, airports, and parks
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internet websites that are capable of being edited by any user, the most famous of which is Wikipedia
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data-linking system for organizing and standardizing information on the Internet; the WWW enables computer-accessed information to association with - or link to - other information no matter where it is on the internet
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a communication technology that provides data over long distances in multiple ways, from traditional cell phone connections to services that link mobile phones to traditional mass media.
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